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Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

This work concerns the effect of fillers and ionic liquids on the cure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) compounds, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the vulcanizates. Three types of white filler were applied, such as cellulose, nanosized silica and hydrotalcite, to modify the...

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Autores principales: Maciejewska, Magdalena, Sowińska, Anna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160702/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34069680
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101656
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author Maciejewska, Magdalena
Sowińska, Anna
author_facet Maciejewska, Magdalena
Sowińska, Anna
author_sort Maciejewska, Magdalena
collection PubMed
description This work concerns the effect of fillers and ionic liquids on the cure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) compounds, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the vulcanizates. Three types of white filler were applied, such as cellulose, nanosized silica and hydrotalcite, to modify the performance of NR composites. Additionally, ionic liquids (ILs) with bromide anion and different cations, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmi) and 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium (Bmpyr), were used to improve the cure characteristics of NR compounds and functional properties of the vulcanizates. The type of filler and the structure of ILs were proved to affect the rheometric properties and cure characteristics of NR compounds as well as the performance of the NR vulcanizates. Owing to the adsorption of curatives onto the surface, silica reduced the activity of the crosslinking system, prolonging the optimal vulcanization time of NR compounds and reducing the crosslinking degree of the elastomer. However, silica-filled NR exhibited the highest thermal stability. Hydrotalcite increased the crosslink density and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, but deteriorated their thermal stability. ILs beneficially influenced the cure characteristics of NR compounds, as well as the crosslink density and mechanical performance of the vulcanizates, particularly those filled with silica. Cellulose did not significantly affect the vulcanization of NR compounds and crosslink density of the vulcanizates compared to the unfilled elastomer, but deteriorated their tensile strength. On the other hand, cellulose improved the thermal stability and did not considerably alter the damping properties of the vulcanizates.
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spelling pubmed-81607022021-05-29 Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites Maciejewska, Magdalena Sowińska, Anna Polymers (Basel) Article This work concerns the effect of fillers and ionic liquids on the cure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) compounds, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the vulcanizates. Three types of white filler were applied, such as cellulose, nanosized silica and hydrotalcite, to modify the performance of NR composites. Additionally, ionic liquids (ILs) with bromide anion and different cations, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmi) and 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium (Bmpyr), were used to improve the cure characteristics of NR compounds and functional properties of the vulcanizates. The type of filler and the structure of ILs were proved to affect the rheometric properties and cure characteristics of NR compounds as well as the performance of the NR vulcanizates. Owing to the adsorption of curatives onto the surface, silica reduced the activity of the crosslinking system, prolonging the optimal vulcanization time of NR compounds and reducing the crosslinking degree of the elastomer. However, silica-filled NR exhibited the highest thermal stability. Hydrotalcite increased the crosslink density and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, but deteriorated their thermal stability. ILs beneficially influenced the cure characteristics of NR compounds, as well as the crosslink density and mechanical performance of the vulcanizates, particularly those filled with silica. Cellulose did not significantly affect the vulcanization of NR compounds and crosslink density of the vulcanizates compared to the unfilled elastomer, but deteriorated their tensile strength. On the other hand, cellulose improved the thermal stability and did not considerably alter the damping properties of the vulcanizates. MDPI 2021-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8160702/ /pubmed/34069680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101656 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Maciejewska, Magdalena
Sowińska, Anna
Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
title Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
title_full Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
title_fullStr Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
title_short Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
title_sort influence of fillers and ionic liquids on the crosslinking and performance of natural rubber biocomposites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160702/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34069680
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101656
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