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Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress

Bacterial endophytes constitute an essential part of the plant microbiome and are described to promote plant health by different mechanisms. The close interaction with the host leads to important changes in the physiology of the plant. Although beneficial bacteria use the same entrance strategies as...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Oukala, Nadira, Aissat, Kamel, Pastor, Victoria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8161118/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34069509
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10051012
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author Oukala, Nadira
Aissat, Kamel
Pastor, Victoria
author_facet Oukala, Nadira
Aissat, Kamel
Pastor, Victoria
author_sort Oukala, Nadira
collection PubMed
description Bacterial endophytes constitute an essential part of the plant microbiome and are described to promote plant health by different mechanisms. The close interaction with the host leads to important changes in the physiology of the plant. Although beneficial bacteria use the same entrance strategies as bacterial pathogens to colonize and enter the inner plant tissues, the host develops strategies to select and allow the entrance to specific genera of bacteria. In addition, endophytes may modify their own genome to adapt or avoid the defense machinery of the host. The present review gives an overview about bacterial endophytes inhabiting the phytosphere, their diversity, and the interaction with the host. Direct and indirect defenses promoted by the plant–endophyte symbiont exert an important role in controlling plant defenses against different stresses, and here, more specifically, is discussed the role against biotic stress. Defenses that should be considered are the emission of volatiles or antibiotic compounds, but also the induction of basal defenses and boosting plant immunity by priming defenses. The primed defenses may encompass pathogenesis-related protein genes (PR family), antioxidant enzymes, or changes in the secondary metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-81611182021-05-29 Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress Oukala, Nadira Aissat, Kamel Pastor, Victoria Plants (Basel) Review Bacterial endophytes constitute an essential part of the plant microbiome and are described to promote plant health by different mechanisms. The close interaction with the host leads to important changes in the physiology of the plant. Although beneficial bacteria use the same entrance strategies as bacterial pathogens to colonize and enter the inner plant tissues, the host develops strategies to select and allow the entrance to specific genera of bacteria. In addition, endophytes may modify their own genome to adapt or avoid the defense machinery of the host. The present review gives an overview about bacterial endophytes inhabiting the phytosphere, their diversity, and the interaction with the host. Direct and indirect defenses promoted by the plant–endophyte symbiont exert an important role in controlling plant defenses against different stresses, and here, more specifically, is discussed the role against biotic stress. Defenses that should be considered are the emission of volatiles or antibiotic compounds, but also the induction of basal defenses and boosting plant immunity by priming defenses. The primed defenses may encompass pathogenesis-related protein genes (PR family), antioxidant enzymes, or changes in the secondary metabolism. MDPI 2021-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8161118/ /pubmed/34069509 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10051012 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Oukala, Nadira
Aissat, Kamel
Pastor, Victoria
Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress
title Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress
title_full Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress
title_fullStr Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress
title_short Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress
title_sort bacterial endophytes: the hidden actor in plant immune responses against biotic stress
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8161118/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34069509
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10051012
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