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Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension

High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Bin, Perel, Pablo, Mensah, George A., Ezzati, Majid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162166/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34050340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8
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author Zhou, Bin
Perel, Pablo
Mensah, George A.
Ezzati, Majid
author_facet Zhou, Bin
Perel, Pablo
Mensah, George A.
Ezzati, Majid
author_sort Zhou, Bin
collection PubMed
description High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the 1970s. By contrast, blood pressure has risen in East, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa. Given these trends, the prevalence of hypertension is now higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In 2015, an estimated 8.5 million deaths were attributable to systolic blood pressure >115 mmHg, 88% of which were in low-income and middle-income countries. Measures such as increasing the availability and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables, lowering the sodium content of packaged and prepared food and staples such as bread, and improving the availability of dietary salt substitutes can help lower blood pressure in the entire population. The use and effectiveness of hypertension treatment vary substantially across countries. Factors influencing this variation include a country’s financial resources, the extent of health insurance and health facilities, how frequently people interact with physicians and non-physician health personnel, whether a clear and widely adopted clinical guideline exists and the availability of medicines. Scaling up treatment coverage and improving its community effectiveness can substantially reduce the health burden of hypertension.
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spelling pubmed-81621662021-05-28 Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension Zhou, Bin Perel, Pablo Mensah, George A. Ezzati, Majid Nat Rev Cardiol Review Article High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the 1970s. By contrast, blood pressure has risen in East, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa. Given these trends, the prevalence of hypertension is now higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In 2015, an estimated 8.5 million deaths were attributable to systolic blood pressure >115 mmHg, 88% of which were in low-income and middle-income countries. Measures such as increasing the availability and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables, lowering the sodium content of packaged and prepared food and staples such as bread, and improving the availability of dietary salt substitutes can help lower blood pressure in the entire population. The use and effectiveness of hypertension treatment vary substantially across countries. Factors influencing this variation include a country’s financial resources, the extent of health insurance and health facilities, how frequently people interact with physicians and non-physician health personnel, whether a clear and widely adopted clinical guideline exists and the availability of medicines. Scaling up treatment coverage and improving its community effectiveness can substantially reduce the health burden of hypertension. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-05-28 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8162166/ /pubmed/34050340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8 Text en © Springer Nature Limited 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Review Article
Zhou, Bin
Perel, Pablo
Mensah, George A.
Ezzati, Majid
Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
title Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
title_full Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
title_fullStr Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
title_full_unstemmed Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
title_short Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
title_sort global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162166/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34050340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8
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