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Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34050340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8 |
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author | Zhou, Bin Perel, Pablo Mensah, George A. Ezzati, Majid |
author_facet | Zhou, Bin Perel, Pablo Mensah, George A. Ezzati, Majid |
author_sort | Zhou, Bin |
collection | PubMed |
description | High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the 1970s. By contrast, blood pressure has risen in East, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa. Given these trends, the prevalence of hypertension is now higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In 2015, an estimated 8.5 million deaths were attributable to systolic blood pressure >115 mmHg, 88% of which were in low-income and middle-income countries. Measures such as increasing the availability and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables, lowering the sodium content of packaged and prepared food and staples such as bread, and improving the availability of dietary salt substitutes can help lower blood pressure in the entire population. The use and effectiveness of hypertension treatment vary substantially across countries. Factors influencing this variation include a country’s financial resources, the extent of health insurance and health facilities, how frequently people interact with physicians and non-physician health personnel, whether a clear and widely adopted clinical guideline exists and the availability of medicines. Scaling up treatment coverage and improving its community effectiveness can substantially reduce the health burden of hypertension. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8162166 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81621662021-05-28 Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension Zhou, Bin Perel, Pablo Mensah, George A. Ezzati, Majid Nat Rev Cardiol Review Article High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the 1970s. By contrast, blood pressure has risen in East, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa. Given these trends, the prevalence of hypertension is now higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In 2015, an estimated 8.5 million deaths were attributable to systolic blood pressure >115 mmHg, 88% of which were in low-income and middle-income countries. Measures such as increasing the availability and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables, lowering the sodium content of packaged and prepared food and staples such as bread, and improving the availability of dietary salt substitutes can help lower blood pressure in the entire population. The use and effectiveness of hypertension treatment vary substantially across countries. Factors influencing this variation include a country’s financial resources, the extent of health insurance and health facilities, how frequently people interact with physicians and non-physician health personnel, whether a clear and widely adopted clinical guideline exists and the availability of medicines. Scaling up treatment coverage and improving its community effectiveness can substantially reduce the health burden of hypertension. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-05-28 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8162166/ /pubmed/34050340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8 Text en © Springer Nature Limited 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Zhou, Bin Perel, Pablo Mensah, George A. Ezzati, Majid Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
title | Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
title_full | Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
title_fullStr | Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
title_full_unstemmed | Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
title_short | Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
title_sort | global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34050340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8 |
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