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Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity
Ruminants have a very complex digestive system adapted for the digestion of cellulose rich food. Gene duplications have been central in the process of adapting their digestive system for this complex food source. One of the new loci involved in food digestion is the lysozyme c locus where cows have...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34048501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252624 |
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author | Fu, Zhirong Akula, Srinivas Qiao, Chang Ryu, Jinhye Chahal, Gurdeep de Garavilla, Lawrence Kervinen, Jukka Thorpe, Michael Hellman, Lars |
author_facet | Fu, Zhirong Akula, Srinivas Qiao, Chang Ryu, Jinhye Chahal, Gurdeep de Garavilla, Lawrence Kervinen, Jukka Thorpe, Michael Hellman, Lars |
author_sort | Fu, Zhirong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ruminants have a very complex digestive system adapted for the digestion of cellulose rich food. Gene duplications have been central in the process of adapting their digestive system for this complex food source. One of the new loci involved in food digestion is the lysozyme c locus where cows have ten active such genes compared to a single gene in humans and where four of the bovine copies are expressed in the abomasum, the real stomach. The second locus that has become part of the ruminant digestive system is the chymase locus. The chymase locus encodes several of the major hematopoietic granule proteases. In ruminants, genes within the chymase locus have duplicated and some of them are expressed in the duodenum and are therefore called duodenases. To obtain information on their specificities and functions we produced six recombinant proteolytically active duodenases (three from cows, two from sheep and one from pigs). Two of the sheep duodenases were found to be highly specific tryptases and one of the bovine duodenases was a highly specific asp-ase. The remaining two bovine duodenases were dual enzymes with potent tryptase and chymase activities. In contrast, the pig enzyme was a chymase with no tryptase or asp-ase activity. These results point to a remarkable flexibility in both the primary and extended specificities within a single chromosomal locus that most likely has originated from one or a few genes by several rounds of local gene duplications. Interestingly, using the consensus cleavage site for the bovine asp-ase to screen the entire bovine proteome, it revealed Mucin-5B as one of the potential targets. Using the same strategy for one of the sheep tryptases, this enzyme was found to have potential cleavage sites in two chemokine receptors, CCR3 and 7, suggesting a role for this enzyme to suppress intestinal inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8162674 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81626742021-06-10 Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity Fu, Zhirong Akula, Srinivas Qiao, Chang Ryu, Jinhye Chahal, Gurdeep de Garavilla, Lawrence Kervinen, Jukka Thorpe, Michael Hellman, Lars PLoS One Research Article Ruminants have a very complex digestive system adapted for the digestion of cellulose rich food. Gene duplications have been central in the process of adapting their digestive system for this complex food source. One of the new loci involved in food digestion is the lysozyme c locus where cows have ten active such genes compared to a single gene in humans and where four of the bovine copies are expressed in the abomasum, the real stomach. The second locus that has become part of the ruminant digestive system is the chymase locus. The chymase locus encodes several of the major hematopoietic granule proteases. In ruminants, genes within the chymase locus have duplicated and some of them are expressed in the duodenum and are therefore called duodenases. To obtain information on their specificities and functions we produced six recombinant proteolytically active duodenases (three from cows, two from sheep and one from pigs). Two of the sheep duodenases were found to be highly specific tryptases and one of the bovine duodenases was a highly specific asp-ase. The remaining two bovine duodenases were dual enzymes with potent tryptase and chymase activities. In contrast, the pig enzyme was a chymase with no tryptase or asp-ase activity. These results point to a remarkable flexibility in both the primary and extended specificities within a single chromosomal locus that most likely has originated from one or a few genes by several rounds of local gene duplications. Interestingly, using the consensus cleavage site for the bovine asp-ase to screen the entire bovine proteome, it revealed Mucin-5B as one of the potential targets. Using the same strategy for one of the sheep tryptases, this enzyme was found to have potential cleavage sites in two chemokine receptors, CCR3 and 7, suggesting a role for this enzyme to suppress intestinal inflammation. Public Library of Science 2021-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8162674/ /pubmed/34048501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252624 Text en © 2021 Fu et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Fu, Zhirong Akula, Srinivas Qiao, Chang Ryu, Jinhye Chahal, Gurdeep de Garavilla, Lawrence Kervinen, Jukka Thorpe, Michael Hellman, Lars Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
title | Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
title_full | Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
title_fullStr | Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
title_full_unstemmed | Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
title_short | Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
title_sort | duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34048501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252624 |
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