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Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study

PURPOSE: To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. DESIGN: Single centre, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of...

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Autores principales: Liu, Ziming, Pazo, Emmanuel Eric, Ye, Hong, Yu, Cui, Xu, Ling, He, Wei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8163555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34094595
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612476
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author Liu, Ziming
Pazo, Emmanuel Eric
Ye, Hong
Yu, Cui
Xu, Ling
He, Wei
author_facet Liu, Ziming
Pazo, Emmanuel Eric
Ye, Hong
Yu, Cui
Xu, Ling
He, Wei
author_sort Liu, Ziming
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. DESIGN: Single centre, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. RESULTS: The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. CONCLUSION: The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.
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spelling pubmed-81635552021-06-04 Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study Liu, Ziming Pazo, Emmanuel Eric Ye, Hong Yu, Cui Xu, Ling He, Wei J Ophthalmol Research Article PURPOSE: To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. DESIGN: Single centre, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. RESULTS: The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. CONCLUSION: The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool. Hindawi 2021-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8163555/ /pubmed/34094595 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612476 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ziming Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Liu, Ziming
Pazo, Emmanuel Eric
Ye, Hong
Yu, Cui
Xu, Ling
He, Wei
Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
title Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort comparing school-aged refraction measurements using the 2win-s portable refractor in relation to cycloplegic retinoscopy: a cross-sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8163555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34094595
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612476
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