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Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Mechanisms of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) when exposed to acid are still incompletely understood. The presented work investigated the reaction of the UES to acid exposure during swallowing. Ten healthy individuals swallowed ten 2 ml neutral water boli of pH 7, followed by 10 swallows each o...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer US
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8163676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10159-2 |
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author | Miller, Simone Ptok, Martin Jungheim, Michael |
author_facet | Miller, Simone Ptok, Martin Jungheim, Michael |
author_sort | Miller, Simone |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mechanisms of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) when exposed to acid are still incompletely understood. The presented work investigated the reaction of the UES to acid exposure during swallowing. Ten healthy individuals swallowed ten 2 ml neutral water boli of pH 7, followed by 10 swallows each of different levels of acidity (pH 1.8, pH 3 and pH 5). Effects were analyzed by high-resolution manometry (HRM) for the primary parameter Restitution Time, as well as Resting Pressures, maximal, minimal pressures and time intervals. Restitution Times measured mean values of 12.67 s (SD ± 7.03 s) for pH 1.8, pH 7 = 8.69 s (SD ± 2.72 s), pH 3 = 7.56 s (SD ± 2.23 s) and pH 5 = 7.29 s (SD ± 2.55 s), showing prolonged Restitution Times in the UES when exposed to strong bolus acidity. This difference was significant towards the neutral bolus, but also to less acidic boli (pH 5: p = 0.006, pH 3: p = 0.009, pH 7: p = 0.038). Considerable differences of mean values were found for Post-Swallow Maximum and Period of Sphincter Activity. Also, Pre-Swallow Maximum values were found to be highest with the strongest acid. Relaxation Times showed a slight trend of prolongation for the highest bolus acidity. Prolonged Restitution Times may represent a reflexive protective mechanism triggered by receptors in the pharyngeal mucosa or the UES preventing regurgitation of acid into the pharynx and larynx, besides representing ongoing attempts of acid clearance. Exposure to high levels of acidity by a swallowed bolus does influence UES functions during swallowing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8163676 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81636762021-06-17 Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter Miller, Simone Ptok, Martin Jungheim, Michael Dysphagia Original Article Mechanisms of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) when exposed to acid are still incompletely understood. The presented work investigated the reaction of the UES to acid exposure during swallowing. Ten healthy individuals swallowed ten 2 ml neutral water boli of pH 7, followed by 10 swallows each of different levels of acidity (pH 1.8, pH 3 and pH 5). Effects were analyzed by high-resolution manometry (HRM) for the primary parameter Restitution Time, as well as Resting Pressures, maximal, minimal pressures and time intervals. Restitution Times measured mean values of 12.67 s (SD ± 7.03 s) for pH 1.8, pH 7 = 8.69 s (SD ± 2.72 s), pH 3 = 7.56 s (SD ± 2.23 s) and pH 5 = 7.29 s (SD ± 2.55 s), showing prolonged Restitution Times in the UES when exposed to strong bolus acidity. This difference was significant towards the neutral bolus, but also to less acidic boli (pH 5: p = 0.006, pH 3: p = 0.009, pH 7: p = 0.038). Considerable differences of mean values were found for Post-Swallow Maximum and Period of Sphincter Activity. Also, Pre-Swallow Maximum values were found to be highest with the strongest acid. Relaxation Times showed a slight trend of prolongation for the highest bolus acidity. Prolonged Restitution Times may represent a reflexive protective mechanism triggered by receptors in the pharyngeal mucosa or the UES preventing regurgitation of acid into the pharynx and larynx, besides representing ongoing attempts of acid clearance. Exposure to high levels of acidity by a swallowed bolus does influence UES functions during swallowing. Springer US 2020-09-04 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8163676/ /pubmed/32886255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10159-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Miller, Simone Ptok, Martin Jungheim, Michael Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
title | Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
title_full | Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
title_fullStr | Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
title_short | Influence of Acid Swallows on the Dynamics of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
title_sort | influence of acid swallows on the dynamics of the upper esophageal sphincter |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8163676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10159-2 |
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