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Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of preventive measures with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Kharian Medical College, Pakistan, in September 2020. A total of 442 participants from thr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taibah University
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8164468/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.004 |
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author | Naiyar, Iffat Anjum, Aiman F. Khalid, Ahmed M. Noor, Iffat Abdullah, Muhammad S. Anwar, Muhammad Z. |
author_facet | Naiyar, Iffat Anjum, Aiman F. Khalid, Ahmed M. Noor, Iffat Abdullah, Muhammad S. Anwar, Muhammad Z. |
author_sort | Naiyar, Iffat |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of preventive measures with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Kharian Medical College, Pakistan, in September 2020. A total of 442 participants from three different strata (faculty, students, and administration/technical staff) were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique. A rapid antibody testing method was used to detect antibodies. The Ichroma™ COVID-19 Ab test is an in vitro diagnostic device that helps in the rapid identification of COVID-19 by measuring the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the blood. An automated fluorescent immunoassay system (AFIAS-6), with a clinical sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 96.7%, was used for qualitative analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: In total, 442 participants were included in the study: 40 (9%) faculty members, 299 (67%) students, and 103 (23.3%) administrative/technical staff. As many as 14.9% of the participants were symptomatic; 32.4% always used masks, and 14% never wore masks. Furthermore, 69.7% of participants frequently washed their hands for 20 s, and 75.6% were aware of social distancing. A total of 16.96% of participants tested positive for IgG antibodies. Moreover, most of the administration/technical staff who tested positive for IgG were asymptomatic (68.42%). A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between following the safety guidelines (wearing masks, handwashing, and social distancing) and the occurrence of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher seroprevalence rate than other studies as it was conducted toward the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we are still far from achieving herd immunity. Furthermore, strict compliance with preventive measures is the only way to ensure safety until an effective vaccine is developed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8164468 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Taibah University |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81644682021-06-01 Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan Naiyar, Iffat Anjum, Aiman F. Khalid, Ahmed M. Noor, Iffat Abdullah, Muhammad S. Anwar, Muhammad Z. J Taibah Univ Med Sci Original Article OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of preventive measures with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Kharian Medical College, Pakistan, in September 2020. A total of 442 participants from three different strata (faculty, students, and administration/technical staff) were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique. A rapid antibody testing method was used to detect antibodies. The Ichroma™ COVID-19 Ab test is an in vitro diagnostic device that helps in the rapid identification of COVID-19 by measuring the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the blood. An automated fluorescent immunoassay system (AFIAS-6), with a clinical sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 96.7%, was used for qualitative analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: In total, 442 participants were included in the study: 40 (9%) faculty members, 299 (67%) students, and 103 (23.3%) administrative/technical staff. As many as 14.9% of the participants were symptomatic; 32.4% always used masks, and 14% never wore masks. Furthermore, 69.7% of participants frequently washed their hands for 20 s, and 75.6% were aware of social distancing. A total of 16.96% of participants tested positive for IgG antibodies. Moreover, most of the administration/technical staff who tested positive for IgG were asymptomatic (68.42%). A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between following the safety guidelines (wearing masks, handwashing, and social distancing) and the occurrence of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher seroprevalence rate than other studies as it was conducted toward the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we are still far from achieving herd immunity. Furthermore, strict compliance with preventive measures is the only way to ensure safety until an effective vaccine is developed. Taibah University 2021-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8164468/ /pubmed/34093105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.004 Text en © 2021 Taibah University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Article Naiyar, Iffat Anjum, Aiman F. Khalid, Ahmed M. Noor, Iffat Abdullah, Muhammad S. Anwar, Muhammad Z. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan |
title | Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan |
title_full | Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan |
title_short | Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan |
title_sort | seroprevalence of covid-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in pakistan |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8164468/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.004 |
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