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Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of preventive measures with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Kharian Medical College, Pakistan, in September 2020. A total of 442 participants from thr...

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Autores principales: Naiyar, Iffat, Anjum, Aiman F., Khalid, Ahmed M., Noor, Iffat, Abdullah, Muhammad S., Anwar, Muhammad Z.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taibah University 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8164468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093105
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.004
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author Naiyar, Iffat
Anjum, Aiman F.
Khalid, Ahmed M.
Noor, Iffat
Abdullah, Muhammad S.
Anwar, Muhammad Z.
author_facet Naiyar, Iffat
Anjum, Aiman F.
Khalid, Ahmed M.
Noor, Iffat
Abdullah, Muhammad S.
Anwar, Muhammad Z.
author_sort Naiyar, Iffat
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of preventive measures with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Kharian Medical College, Pakistan, in September 2020. A total of 442 participants from three different strata (faculty, students, and administration/technical staff) were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique. A rapid antibody testing method was used to detect antibodies. The Ichroma™ COVID-19 Ab test is an in vitro diagnostic device that helps in the rapid identification of COVID-19 by measuring the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the blood. An automated fluorescent immunoassay system (AFIAS-6), with a clinical sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 96.7%, was used for qualitative analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: In total, 442 participants were included in the study: 40 (9%) faculty members, 299 (67%) students, and 103 (23.3%) administrative/technical staff. As many as 14.9% of the participants were symptomatic; 32.4% always used masks, and 14% never wore masks. Furthermore, 69.7% of participants frequently washed their hands for 20 s, and 75.6% were aware of social distancing. A total of 16.96% of participants tested positive for IgG antibodies. Moreover, most of the administration/technical staff who tested positive for IgG were asymptomatic (68.42%). A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between following the safety guidelines (wearing masks, handwashing, and social distancing) and the occurrence of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher seroprevalence rate than other studies as it was conducted toward the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we are still far from achieving herd immunity. Furthermore, strict compliance with preventive measures is the only way to ensure safety until an effective vaccine is developed.
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spelling pubmed-81644682021-06-01 Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan Naiyar, Iffat Anjum, Aiman F. Khalid, Ahmed M. Noor, Iffat Abdullah, Muhammad S. Anwar, Muhammad Z. J Taibah Univ Med Sci Original Article OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of preventive measures with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Kharian Medical College, Pakistan, in September 2020. A total of 442 participants from three different strata (faculty, students, and administration/technical staff) were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique. A rapid antibody testing method was used to detect antibodies. The Ichroma™ COVID-19 Ab test is an in vitro diagnostic device that helps in the rapid identification of COVID-19 by measuring the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the blood. An automated fluorescent immunoassay system (AFIAS-6), with a clinical sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 96.7%, was used for qualitative analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: In total, 442 participants were included in the study: 40 (9%) faculty members, 299 (67%) students, and 103 (23.3%) administrative/technical staff. As many as 14.9% of the participants were symptomatic; 32.4% always used masks, and 14% never wore masks. Furthermore, 69.7% of participants frequently washed their hands for 20 s, and 75.6% were aware of social distancing. A total of 16.96% of participants tested positive for IgG antibodies. Moreover, most of the administration/technical staff who tested positive for IgG were asymptomatic (68.42%). A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between following the safety guidelines (wearing masks, handwashing, and social distancing) and the occurrence of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher seroprevalence rate than other studies as it was conducted toward the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we are still far from achieving herd immunity. Furthermore, strict compliance with preventive measures is the only way to ensure safety until an effective vaccine is developed. Taibah University 2021-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8164468/ /pubmed/34093105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.004 Text en © 2021 Taibah University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Article
Naiyar, Iffat
Anjum, Aiman F.
Khalid, Ahmed M.
Noor, Iffat
Abdullah, Muhammad S.
Anwar, Muhammad Z.
Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
title Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
title_full Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
title_fullStr Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
title_short Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in Pakistan
title_sort seroprevalence of covid-19 and associated factors in a medical institution in pakistan
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8164468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093105
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.004
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