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A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds
Parapoxviruses cause nodular lesions on the skin and mucosal membranes of pinnipeds and infections by these viruses have been documented worldwide. Seal parapoxvirus is currently classified as a tentative species of the Parapoxvirus genus. Tissue or swab samples were analyzed from 11 pinnipeds of di...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165162/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34079832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.653094 |
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author | Costa, Helena Klein, Jörn Breines, Eva M. Nollens, Hendrik H. Matassa, Keith Garron, Mendy Duignan, Padraig J. Schmitt, Todd Goldstein, Tracey Tryland, Morten |
author_facet | Costa, Helena Klein, Jörn Breines, Eva M. Nollens, Hendrik H. Matassa, Keith Garron, Mendy Duignan, Padraig J. Schmitt, Todd Goldstein, Tracey Tryland, Morten |
author_sort | Costa, Helena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parapoxviruses cause nodular lesions on the skin and mucosal membranes of pinnipeds and infections by these viruses have been documented worldwide. Seal parapoxvirus is currently classified as a tentative species of the Parapoxvirus genus. Tissue or swab samples were analyzed from 11 pinnipeds of different host species undergoing rehabilitation on the east and west coasts of the United States of America (USA) that were positive for parapoxvirus. The aim of the study was to compare parapoxvirus sequences of fragments of the B2L, DNA polymerase, GIF and viral interleukin-10 ortholog (vIL-10) genes and to examine the evolutionary relationship between viruses detected in different pinniped species and at different locations with other members of the Parapoxvirus genus, such as Orf virus (ORFV), Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV). The sequence analysis showed that the parapoxvirus sequences from the pinnipeds differed significantly from those found in terrestrial hosts and that they formed a separate cluster within the genus. Our results suggest that transmission of the same parapoxvirus strain is possible between different species, including between members of different families (phocids and otariids). Animals belonging to the same species but living in distant geographic locations presented genetically distant parapoxviruses. The findings of this study demonstrate that sealpox lesions in pinnipeds of different species are caused by viruses that belong to the Parapoxvirus genus but have significant genetic differences compared to the established virus species in terrestrial hosts, thus strongly supporting the classification of pinniped parapoxvirus as a new species of the genus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8165162 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81651622021-06-01 A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds Costa, Helena Klein, Jörn Breines, Eva M. Nollens, Hendrik H. Matassa, Keith Garron, Mendy Duignan, Padraig J. Schmitt, Todd Goldstein, Tracey Tryland, Morten Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Parapoxviruses cause nodular lesions on the skin and mucosal membranes of pinnipeds and infections by these viruses have been documented worldwide. Seal parapoxvirus is currently classified as a tentative species of the Parapoxvirus genus. Tissue or swab samples were analyzed from 11 pinnipeds of different host species undergoing rehabilitation on the east and west coasts of the United States of America (USA) that were positive for parapoxvirus. The aim of the study was to compare parapoxvirus sequences of fragments of the B2L, DNA polymerase, GIF and viral interleukin-10 ortholog (vIL-10) genes and to examine the evolutionary relationship between viruses detected in different pinniped species and at different locations with other members of the Parapoxvirus genus, such as Orf virus (ORFV), Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV). The sequence analysis showed that the parapoxvirus sequences from the pinnipeds differed significantly from those found in terrestrial hosts and that they formed a separate cluster within the genus. Our results suggest that transmission of the same parapoxvirus strain is possible between different species, including between members of different families (phocids and otariids). Animals belonging to the same species but living in distant geographic locations presented genetically distant parapoxviruses. The findings of this study demonstrate that sealpox lesions in pinnipeds of different species are caused by viruses that belong to the Parapoxvirus genus but have significant genetic differences compared to the established virus species in terrestrial hosts, thus strongly supporting the classification of pinniped parapoxvirus as a new species of the genus. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8165162/ /pubmed/34079832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.653094 Text en Copyright © 2021 Costa, Klein, Breines, Nollens, Matassa, Garron, Duignan, Schmitt, Goldstein and Tryland. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Costa, Helena Klein, Jörn Breines, Eva M. Nollens, Hendrik H. Matassa, Keith Garron, Mendy Duignan, Padraig J. Schmitt, Todd Goldstein, Tracey Tryland, Morten A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds |
title | A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds |
title_full | A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds |
title_fullStr | A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds |
title_full_unstemmed | A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds |
title_short | A Comparison of Parapoxviruses in North American Pinnipeds |
title_sort | comparison of parapoxviruses in north american pinnipeds |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165162/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34079832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.653094 |
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