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Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory
Serum calcium is routinely screened, but rarely scrutinized in the context of normal, physiologic functioning. This brief review strives to explore the implications of serum calcium, suggests guidelines for its interpretation, and discusses the implications of high, low, and “normocalcemia” in the c...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elmer Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8166293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34104276 http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4505 |
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author | Hands, Jacob M. Moy, Lawrence S. |
author_facet | Hands, Jacob M. Moy, Lawrence S. |
author_sort | Hands, Jacob M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Serum calcium is routinely screened, but rarely scrutinized in the context of normal, physiologic functioning. This brief review strives to explore the implications of serum calcium, suggests guidelines for its interpretation, and discusses the implications of high, low, and “normocalcemia” in the clinical setting. We find that serum Ca(2+) concentrations are a valuable prognostic indicator in routine metabolic workups and advocate for greater attention, on behalf of the provider, to variations in a patient’s calcemic status. Variations in calcemic status are primarily tied to malignancy, impaired parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, defects in vitamin D synthesis, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) fluctuation, genetic syndromes (DiGeorge syndrome) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation. Prognostic implications for high and low serum Ca(2+) include, but are not limited to, increased thromboembolic and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk, cardiac remodeling, hypertension, cognitive decline, and insulin resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8166293 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elmer Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81662932021-06-07 Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory Hands, Jacob M. Moy, Lawrence S. J Clin Med Res Review Serum calcium is routinely screened, but rarely scrutinized in the context of normal, physiologic functioning. This brief review strives to explore the implications of serum calcium, suggests guidelines for its interpretation, and discusses the implications of high, low, and “normocalcemia” in the clinical setting. We find that serum Ca(2+) concentrations are a valuable prognostic indicator in routine metabolic workups and advocate for greater attention, on behalf of the provider, to variations in a patient’s calcemic status. Variations in calcemic status are primarily tied to malignancy, impaired parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, defects in vitamin D synthesis, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) fluctuation, genetic syndromes (DiGeorge syndrome) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation. Prognostic implications for high and low serum Ca(2+) include, but are not limited to, increased thromboembolic and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk, cardiac remodeling, hypertension, cognitive decline, and insulin resistance. Elmer Press 2021-05 2021-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8166293/ /pubmed/34104276 http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4505 Text en Copyright 2021, Hands et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Hands, Jacob M. Moy, Lawrence S. Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory |
title | Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory |
title_full | Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory |
title_fullStr | Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory |
title_full_unstemmed | Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory |
title_short | Calcium: More Than Bone? Implications for Clinical Practice and Theory |
title_sort | calcium: more than bone? implications for clinical practice and theory |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8166293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34104276 http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4505 |
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