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Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiolo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167146/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34049222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005 |
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author | McKeegan, Kathryn Mason, Shaun A. Trewin, Adam J. Keske, Michelle A. Wadley, Glenn D. Della Gatta, Paul A. Nikolaidis, Michalis G. Parker, Lewan |
author_facet | McKeegan, Kathryn Mason, Shaun A. Trewin, Adam J. Keske, Michelle A. Wadley, Glenn D. Della Gatta, Paul A. Nikolaidis, Michalis G. Parker, Lewan |
author_sort | McKeegan, Kathryn |
collection | PubMed |
description | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern “redox screening” and “personalized antioxidant treatment” approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8167146 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81671462021-06-05 Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment McKeegan, Kathryn Mason, Shaun A. Trewin, Adam J. Keske, Michelle A. Wadley, Glenn D. Della Gatta, Paul A. Nikolaidis, Michalis G. Parker, Lewan Redox Biol Review Article Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern “redox screening” and “personalized antioxidant treatment” approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans. Elsevier 2021-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8167146/ /pubmed/34049222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Article McKeegan, Kathryn Mason, Shaun A. Trewin, Adam J. Keske, Michelle A. Wadley, Glenn D. Della Gatta, Paul A. Nikolaidis, Michalis G. Parker, Lewan Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
title | Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
title_full | Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
title_fullStr | Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
title_short | Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
title_sort | reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: working towards personalized antioxidant treatment |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167146/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34049222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005 |
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