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Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiolo...

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Autores principales: McKeegan, Kathryn, Mason, Shaun A., Trewin, Adam J., Keske, Michelle A., Wadley, Glenn D., Della Gatta, Paul A., Nikolaidis, Michalis G., Parker, Lewan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34049222
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005
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author McKeegan, Kathryn
Mason, Shaun A.
Trewin, Adam J.
Keske, Michelle A.
Wadley, Glenn D.
Della Gatta, Paul A.
Nikolaidis, Michalis G.
Parker, Lewan
author_facet McKeegan, Kathryn
Mason, Shaun A.
Trewin, Adam J.
Keske, Michelle A.
Wadley, Glenn D.
Della Gatta, Paul A.
Nikolaidis, Michalis G.
Parker, Lewan
author_sort McKeegan, Kathryn
collection PubMed
description Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern “redox screening” and “personalized antioxidant treatment” approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans.
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spelling pubmed-81671462021-06-05 Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment McKeegan, Kathryn Mason, Shaun A. Trewin, Adam J. Keske, Michelle A. Wadley, Glenn D. Della Gatta, Paul A. Nikolaidis, Michalis G. Parker, Lewan Redox Biol Review Article Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern “redox screening” and “personalized antioxidant treatment” approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans. Elsevier 2021-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8167146/ /pubmed/34049222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review Article
McKeegan, Kathryn
Mason, Shaun A.
Trewin, Adam J.
Keske, Michelle A.
Wadley, Glenn D.
Della Gatta, Paul A.
Nikolaidis, Michalis G.
Parker, Lewan
Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
title Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
title_full Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
title_fullStr Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
title_full_unstemmed Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
title_short Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
title_sort reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: working towards personalized antioxidant treatment
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34049222
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005
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