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A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development
Preimplantation development is well conserved across mammalian species, but major differences in developmental kinetics, regulation of early lineage differentiation and implantation require studies in different model organisms, especially to better understand human development. Large domestic specie...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9020015 |
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author | Springer, Claudia Wolf, Eckhard Simmet, Kilian |
author_facet | Springer, Claudia Wolf, Eckhard Simmet, Kilian |
author_sort | Springer, Claudia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Preimplantation development is well conserved across mammalian species, but major differences in developmental kinetics, regulation of early lineage differentiation and implantation require studies in different model organisms, especially to better understand human development. Large domestic species, such as cattle and pig, resemble human development in many different aspects, i.e., the timing of zygotic genome activation, mechanisms of early lineage differentiations and the period until blastocyst formation. In this article, we give an overview of different assisted reproductive technologies, which are well established in cattle and pig and make them easily accessible to study early embryonic development. We outline the available technologies to create genetically modified models and to modulate lineage differentiation as well as recent methodological developments in genome sequencing and imaging, which form an immense toolbox for research. Finally, we compare the most recent findings in regulation of the first lineage differentiations across species and show how alternative models enhance our understanding of preimplantation development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8167745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81677452021-06-02 A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development Springer, Claudia Wolf, Eckhard Simmet, Kilian J Dev Biol Review Preimplantation development is well conserved across mammalian species, but major differences in developmental kinetics, regulation of early lineage differentiation and implantation require studies in different model organisms, especially to better understand human development. Large domestic species, such as cattle and pig, resemble human development in many different aspects, i.e., the timing of zygotic genome activation, mechanisms of early lineage differentiations and the period until blastocyst formation. In this article, we give an overview of different assisted reproductive technologies, which are well established in cattle and pig and make them easily accessible to study early embryonic development. We outline the available technologies to create genetically modified models and to modulate lineage differentiation as well as recent methodological developments in genome sequencing and imaging, which form an immense toolbox for research. Finally, we compare the most recent findings in regulation of the first lineage differentiations across species and show how alternative models enhance our understanding of preimplantation development. MDPI 2021-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8167745/ /pubmed/33918361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9020015 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Springer, Claudia Wolf, Eckhard Simmet, Kilian A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development |
title | A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development |
title_full | A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development |
title_fullStr | A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development |
title_full_unstemmed | A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development |
title_short | A New Toolbox in Experimental Embryology—Alternative Model Organisms for Studying Preimplantation Development |
title_sort | new toolbox in experimental embryology—alternative model organisms for studying preimplantation development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9020015 |
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