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Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications
Although strict lockdown measurements implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically reduced the anthropogenic-based emissions, changes in air quality and its health impacts remain unclear in China. We comprehensively described air pollution during and after the lockdown periods in 2020...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8170876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34089745 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111457 |
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author | Chen, Guimin Tao, Jun Wang, Jiaqi Dong, Moran Li, Xuan Sun, Xiaoli Cheng, Shouzhen Fan, Jingjie Ye, Yufeng Xiao, Jianpeng Hu, Jianxiong He, Guanhao Sun, Jiufeng Lu, Jing Guo, Lingchuan Li, Xing Rong, Zuhua Zeng, Weilin Zhou, He Chen, Dengzhou Li, Jiali Yuan, Lixia Bi, Peng Du, Qingfeng Ma, Wenjun Liu, Tao |
author_facet | Chen, Guimin Tao, Jun Wang, Jiaqi Dong, Moran Li, Xuan Sun, Xiaoli Cheng, Shouzhen Fan, Jingjie Ye, Yufeng Xiao, Jianpeng Hu, Jianxiong He, Guanhao Sun, Jiufeng Lu, Jing Guo, Lingchuan Li, Xing Rong, Zuhua Zeng, Weilin Zhou, He Chen, Dengzhou Li, Jiali Yuan, Lixia Bi, Peng Du, Qingfeng Ma, Wenjun Liu, Tao |
author_sort | Chen, Guimin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although strict lockdown measurements implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically reduced the anthropogenic-based emissions, changes in air quality and its health impacts remain unclear in China. We comprehensively described air pollution during and after the lockdown periods in 2020 compared with 2018–2019, and estimated the mortality burden indicated by the number of deaths and years of life lost (YLL) related to the air pollution changes. The mean air quality index (AQI), PM(10), PM(2.5), NO(2), SO(2) and CO concentrations during the lockdown across China declined by 18.2 (21.2%), 27.0 μg/m(3) (28.9%), 10.5 μg/m(3) (18.3%), 8.4 μg/m(3) (44.2%), 13.1 μg/m(3) (38.8%), and 0.3 mg/m(3) (27.3%) respectively, when compared to the same periods during 2018–2019. We observed an increase in O(3) concentration during the lockdown by 5.5 μg/m(3) (10.4%), and a slight decrease after the lockdown by 3.4 μg/m(3) (4.4%). As a result, there were 51.3 (95%CI: 32.2, 70.1) thousand fewer premature deaths (16.2 thousand during and 35.1 thousand after the lockdown), and 1066.8 (95%CI: 668.7, 1456.8) thousand fewer YLLs (343.3 thousand during and 723.5 thousand after the lockdown) than these in 2018–2019. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown has caused substantial decreases in air pollutants except for O(3), and that substantial human health benefits can be achieved when strict control measures for air pollution are taken to reduce emissions from vehicles and industries. Stricter tailored policy solutions of air pollution are urgently needed in China and other countries, especially in well-developed industrial regions, such as upgrading industry structure and promoting green transportation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8170876 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81708762021-06-02 Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications Chen, Guimin Tao, Jun Wang, Jiaqi Dong, Moran Li, Xuan Sun, Xiaoli Cheng, Shouzhen Fan, Jingjie Ye, Yufeng Xiao, Jianpeng Hu, Jianxiong He, Guanhao Sun, Jiufeng Lu, Jing Guo, Lingchuan Li, Xing Rong, Zuhua Zeng, Weilin Zhou, He Chen, Dengzhou Li, Jiali Yuan, Lixia Bi, Peng Du, Qingfeng Ma, Wenjun Liu, Tao Environ Res Article Although strict lockdown measurements implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically reduced the anthropogenic-based emissions, changes in air quality and its health impacts remain unclear in China. We comprehensively described air pollution during and after the lockdown periods in 2020 compared with 2018–2019, and estimated the mortality burden indicated by the number of deaths and years of life lost (YLL) related to the air pollution changes. The mean air quality index (AQI), PM(10), PM(2.5), NO(2), SO(2) and CO concentrations during the lockdown across China declined by 18.2 (21.2%), 27.0 μg/m(3) (28.9%), 10.5 μg/m(3) (18.3%), 8.4 μg/m(3) (44.2%), 13.1 μg/m(3) (38.8%), and 0.3 mg/m(3) (27.3%) respectively, when compared to the same periods during 2018–2019. We observed an increase in O(3) concentration during the lockdown by 5.5 μg/m(3) (10.4%), and a slight decrease after the lockdown by 3.4 μg/m(3) (4.4%). As a result, there were 51.3 (95%CI: 32.2, 70.1) thousand fewer premature deaths (16.2 thousand during and 35.1 thousand after the lockdown), and 1066.8 (95%CI: 668.7, 1456.8) thousand fewer YLLs (343.3 thousand during and 723.5 thousand after the lockdown) than these in 2018–2019. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown has caused substantial decreases in air pollutants except for O(3), and that substantial human health benefits can be achieved when strict control measures for air pollution are taken to reduce emissions from vehicles and industries. Stricter tailored policy solutions of air pollution are urgently needed in China and other countries, especially in well-developed industrial regions, such as upgrading industry structure and promoting green transportation. Elsevier Inc. 2021-09 2021-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8170876/ /pubmed/34089745 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111457 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Guimin Tao, Jun Wang, Jiaqi Dong, Moran Li, Xuan Sun, Xiaoli Cheng, Shouzhen Fan, Jingjie Ye, Yufeng Xiao, Jianpeng Hu, Jianxiong He, Guanhao Sun, Jiufeng Lu, Jing Guo, Lingchuan Li, Xing Rong, Zuhua Zeng, Weilin Zhou, He Chen, Dengzhou Li, Jiali Yuan, Lixia Bi, Peng Du, Qingfeng Ma, Wenjun Liu, Tao Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications |
title | Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications |
title_full | Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications |
title_fullStr | Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications |
title_full_unstemmed | Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications |
title_short | Reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in China: Impacts and implications |
title_sort | reduction of air pollutants and associated mortality during and after the covid-19 lockdown in china: impacts and implications |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8170876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34089745 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111457 |
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