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The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study
BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of xerosis depends on extrinsic and intrinsic exposures. Residential hard water may constitute such an exposure. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of xerosis and to compare water hardness exposure in blood donors with and without xerosis. METHODS: In this retrosp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8171951/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252462 |
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author | Henning, Mattias A. S. Ibler, Kristina S. Ullum, Henrik Erikstrup, Christian Bruun, Mie T. Burgdorf, Kristoffer S. Dinh, Khoa M. Rigas, Andreas Thørner, Lise W. Pedersen, Ole B. Jemec, Gregor B. |
author_facet | Henning, Mattias A. S. Ibler, Kristina S. Ullum, Henrik Erikstrup, Christian Bruun, Mie T. Burgdorf, Kristoffer S. Dinh, Khoa M. Rigas, Andreas Thørner, Lise W. Pedersen, Ole B. Jemec, Gregor B. |
author_sort | Henning, Mattias A. S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of xerosis depends on extrinsic and intrinsic exposures. Residential hard water may constitute such an exposure. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of xerosis and to compare water hardness exposure in blood donors with and without xerosis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study in 2018–2019, blood donors with self-reported moderately or severely dry skin were compared to blood donors without dry skin. Blood donors with ichthyosis, lichen planus and psoriasis were excluded. Water hardness data was collected from the Geology Survey of Denmark and Greenland. RESULTS: Overall, 4,748 of 30,721 (15.5%; 95% confidence interval 15.1–15.9%) blood donors had xerosis. After excluding blood donors with ichthyosis, lichen planus and psoriasis, 4,416 blood donors (2,559 females; median age 38.4 years [interquartile range 28.0–49.8]; 700 smokers) remained in this study. Water softer than 12–24 degrees Deutsche härte was associated with decreased probability of xerosis (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.74–0.94) and water harder than 12–24 degrees Deutsche härte was associated with increased probability of xerosis (odds ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.45). The association between water hardness and xerosis remained significant after excluding blood donors with dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Water hardness is associated with xerosis independent of other dermatoses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8171951 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81719512021-06-14 The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study Henning, Mattias A. S. Ibler, Kristina S. Ullum, Henrik Erikstrup, Christian Bruun, Mie T. Burgdorf, Kristoffer S. Dinh, Khoa M. Rigas, Andreas Thørner, Lise W. Pedersen, Ole B. Jemec, Gregor B. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of xerosis depends on extrinsic and intrinsic exposures. Residential hard water may constitute such an exposure. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of xerosis and to compare water hardness exposure in blood donors with and without xerosis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study in 2018–2019, blood donors with self-reported moderately or severely dry skin were compared to blood donors without dry skin. Blood donors with ichthyosis, lichen planus and psoriasis were excluded. Water hardness data was collected from the Geology Survey of Denmark and Greenland. RESULTS: Overall, 4,748 of 30,721 (15.5%; 95% confidence interval 15.1–15.9%) blood donors had xerosis. After excluding blood donors with ichthyosis, lichen planus and psoriasis, 4,416 blood donors (2,559 females; median age 38.4 years [interquartile range 28.0–49.8]; 700 smokers) remained in this study. Water softer than 12–24 degrees Deutsche härte was associated with decreased probability of xerosis (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.74–0.94) and water harder than 12–24 degrees Deutsche härte was associated with increased probability of xerosis (odds ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.45). The association between water hardness and xerosis remained significant after excluding blood donors with dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Water hardness is associated with xerosis independent of other dermatoses. Public Library of Science 2021-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8171951/ /pubmed/34077478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252462 Text en © 2021 Henning et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Henning, Mattias A. S. Ibler, Kristina S. Ullum, Henrik Erikstrup, Christian Bruun, Mie T. Burgdorf, Kristoffer S. Dinh, Khoa M. Rigas, Andreas Thørner, Lise W. Pedersen, Ole B. Jemec, Gregor B. The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study |
title | The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study |
title_full | The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study |
title_fullStr | The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study |
title_short | The association between water hardness and xerosis—Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study |
title_sort | association between water hardness and xerosis—results from the danish blood donor study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8171951/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252462 |
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