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Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies
In the past, in vitro studies of invasion and tumor progression were performed primarily using cancer cells cultured on a flat, two‐dimensional (2D) surface in a monolayer. In recent years, however, many studies have demonstrated differences in cell signaling and cell migration between 2D and 3D cel...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8172047/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32436628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpcb.105 |
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author | Nazari, Shayan S. |
author_facet | Nazari, Shayan S. |
author_sort | Nazari, Shayan S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the past, in vitro studies of invasion and tumor progression were performed primarily using cancer cells cultured on a flat, two‐dimensional (2D) surface in a monolayer. In recent years, however, many studies have demonstrated differences in cell signaling and cell migration between 2D and 3D cell cultures. Traditional 2D monolayer cancer cell invasion models do not fully recapitulate 3D cell‐to‐cell and cell−to−extracellular matrix interactions that in vivo models can provide. Moreover, although in vivo animal models are irreplaceable for studying tumor biology and metastasis, they are costly, time‐consuming, and impractical for answering preliminary questions. Thus, emergent and evolving 3D spheroid cell culture models have changed the way we study tumors and their interactions with their surrounding extracellular matrix. In the case of breast cancer, metastasis of breast cancer tumors results in high mortality rates, and thus development of robust cell culture models that are reproducible and practical for studying breast cancer progression is important for ultimately developing preventatives for cancer metastasis. This article provides a set of protocols for generating uniform spheroids with a thin sheet of basement membrane for studying the initial invasion of mammary epithelial cells into a surrounding collagen‐rich extracellular matrix. Details are provided for generating 3D spheroids with a basement membrane, polymerizing collagen I, embedding the spheroids in the 3D collagen gel, and immunostaining the spheroids for invasion studies. Published 2020. U.S. Government. Basic Protocol 1: Growth of uniformly sized tumor spheroids with an encapsulating basement membrane Basic Protocol 2: Polymerization and embedding of tumor spheroids in a 3D type I collagen gel Alternate Protocol: Embedding of tumor spheroids in collagen gels using a sandwich method Basic Protocol 3: Fixing and immunostaining of tumor spheroids embedded in 3D collagen gels |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8172047 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81720472021-06-02 Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies Nazari, Shayan S. Curr Protoc Cell Biol Protocol In the past, in vitro studies of invasion and tumor progression were performed primarily using cancer cells cultured on a flat, two‐dimensional (2D) surface in a monolayer. In recent years, however, many studies have demonstrated differences in cell signaling and cell migration between 2D and 3D cell cultures. Traditional 2D monolayer cancer cell invasion models do not fully recapitulate 3D cell‐to‐cell and cell−to−extracellular matrix interactions that in vivo models can provide. Moreover, although in vivo animal models are irreplaceable for studying tumor biology and metastasis, they are costly, time‐consuming, and impractical for answering preliminary questions. Thus, emergent and evolving 3D spheroid cell culture models have changed the way we study tumors and their interactions with their surrounding extracellular matrix. In the case of breast cancer, metastasis of breast cancer tumors results in high mortality rates, and thus development of robust cell culture models that are reproducible and practical for studying breast cancer progression is important for ultimately developing preventatives for cancer metastasis. This article provides a set of protocols for generating uniform spheroids with a thin sheet of basement membrane for studying the initial invasion of mammary epithelial cells into a surrounding collagen‐rich extracellular matrix. Details are provided for generating 3D spheroids with a basement membrane, polymerizing collagen I, embedding the spheroids in the 3D collagen gel, and immunostaining the spheroids for invasion studies. Published 2020. U.S. Government. Basic Protocol 1: Growth of uniformly sized tumor spheroids with an encapsulating basement membrane Basic Protocol 2: Polymerization and embedding of tumor spheroids in a 3D type I collagen gel Alternate Protocol: Embedding of tumor spheroids in collagen gels using a sandwich method Basic Protocol 3: Fixing and immunostaining of tumor spheroids embedded in 3D collagen gels John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-05-21 2020-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8172047/ /pubmed/32436628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpcb.105 Text en Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Protocol Nazari, Shayan S. Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies |
title | Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies |
title_full | Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies |
title_fullStr | Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies |
title_short | Generation of 3D Tumor Spheroids with Encapsulating Basement Membranes for Invasion Studies |
title_sort | generation of 3d tumor spheroids with encapsulating basement membranes for invasion studies |
topic | Protocol |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8172047/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32436628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpcb.105 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nazarishayans generationof3dtumorspheroidswithencapsulatingbasementmembranesforinvasionstudies |