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The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease
An estimated 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts an individual's ability to function independently through the degeneration of key regions in the brain, including but not limited to the hippoca...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8172295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34122554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5511630 |
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author | Schulz, Joseph M. |
author_facet | Schulz, Joseph M. |
author_sort | Schulz, Joseph M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | An estimated 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts an individual's ability to function independently through the degeneration of key regions in the brain, including but not limited to the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and the motor cortex. The cause of this degeneration is not known, but research has found two proteins that undergo posttranslational modifications: tau, a protein concentrated in the axons of neurons, and amyloid precursor protein (APP), a protein concentrated near the synapse. Through mechanisms that have yet to be elucidated, the accumulation of these two proteins in their abnormal aggregate forms leads to the neurodegeneration that is characteristic of AD. Until the invention of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006, the bulk of research was carried out using transgenic animal models that offered little promise in their ability to translate well from benchtop to bedside, creating a bottleneck in the development of therapeutics. However, with iPSC, patient-specific cell cultures can be utilized to create models based on human cells. These human cells have the potential to avoid issues in translatability that have plagued animal models by providing researchers with a model that closely resembles and mimics the neurons found in humans. By using human iPSC technology, researchers can create more accurate models of AD ex vivo while also focusing on regenerative medicine using iPSC in vivo. The following review focuses on the current uses of iPSC and how they have the potential to regenerate damaged neuronal tissue, in the hopes that these technologies can assist in getting through the bottleneck of AD therapeutic research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8172295 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81722952021-06-11 The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease Schulz, Joseph M. Stem Cells Int Review Article An estimated 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts an individual's ability to function independently through the degeneration of key regions in the brain, including but not limited to the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and the motor cortex. The cause of this degeneration is not known, but research has found two proteins that undergo posttranslational modifications: tau, a protein concentrated in the axons of neurons, and amyloid precursor protein (APP), a protein concentrated near the synapse. Through mechanisms that have yet to be elucidated, the accumulation of these two proteins in their abnormal aggregate forms leads to the neurodegeneration that is characteristic of AD. Until the invention of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006, the bulk of research was carried out using transgenic animal models that offered little promise in their ability to translate well from benchtop to bedside, creating a bottleneck in the development of therapeutics. However, with iPSC, patient-specific cell cultures can be utilized to create models based on human cells. These human cells have the potential to avoid issues in translatability that have plagued animal models by providing researchers with a model that closely resembles and mimics the neurons found in humans. By using human iPSC technology, researchers can create more accurate models of AD ex vivo while also focusing on regenerative medicine using iPSC in vivo. The following review focuses on the current uses of iPSC and how they have the potential to regenerate damaged neuronal tissue, in the hopes that these technologies can assist in getting through the bottleneck of AD therapeutic research. Hindawi 2021-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8172295/ /pubmed/34122554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5511630 Text en Copyright © 2021 Joseph M. Schulz. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Schulz, Joseph M. The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease |
title | The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease |
title_full | The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease |
title_fullStr | The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease |
title_short | The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease |
title_sort | potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to treat and model alzheimer's disease |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8172295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34122554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5511630 |
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