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Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to investigate the occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits. Three adsorbents, namely roasted date pits (RODP), silver-modified roasted date pits (S-RODP), and activated carbon (AC) were...

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Autores principales: Alhaddad, Fedae A., Abu-Dieyeh, Mohammed, Da’ana, Dana, Helaleh, Murad, Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8172698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150270
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00642-9
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author Alhaddad, Fedae A.
Abu-Dieyeh, Mohammed
Da’ana, Dana
Helaleh, Murad
Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A.
author_facet Alhaddad, Fedae A.
Abu-Dieyeh, Mohammed
Da’ana, Dana
Helaleh, Murad
Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A.
author_sort Alhaddad, Fedae A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: This paper aims to investigate the occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits. Three adsorbents, namely roasted date pits (RODP), silver-modified roasted date pits (S-RODP), and activated carbon (AC) were used to investigate their adsorption characterizations in removing dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) from the collected bottle water samples. METHODS: The occurrences of the phthalate esters in the collected bottled water samples were carried out at different temperatures (30, 50, and 60 °C), and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis - selected ion monitoring. Batch adsorption isotherms were used to study and establish the efficiency of such adsorbents in removing phthalate esters, in which they describe the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction systems. Adsorption efficiency of the various adsorbents was investigated by using different adsorbent masses (0.05 g, 0.10 g, and 0.15 g) and temperature (30 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C). Different physical and chemical characterizations were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, pore radius, and pore volume. RESULTS: The results indicated that the most abundant phthalate esters were DMP followed by DEP under 30 °C; however, DNOP was not detected in any of the tested water samples, except for one sample under 30 °C with a concentration of 0.031 μg/mL. The obtained results showed that phthalate esters leaching to the bottled drinking water were affected by storage temperature. The phthalate esters levels were increased with increasing the temperature to 60 °C. It was concluded that the ability of S-RODP for the adsorption of phthalate esters was better than the removal percentage obtained by AC and RODP. The removal percentage was increased from 90 to 99% by increasing the temperature from 30 to 50 °C and then decreased to 92.3% at 60 °C. CONCLUSION: RODP was successfully used as an effective adsorbent for phthalate esters removal from drinking water. However, S-RODP has the highest removal abilities than other adsorbents due to the newly formed functional groups on its surface.
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spelling pubmed-81726982021-06-17 Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits Alhaddad, Fedae A. Abu-Dieyeh, Mohammed Da’ana, Dana Helaleh, Murad Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A. J Environ Health Sci Eng Research Article BACKGROUND: This paper aims to investigate the occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits. Three adsorbents, namely roasted date pits (RODP), silver-modified roasted date pits (S-RODP), and activated carbon (AC) were used to investigate their adsorption characterizations in removing dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) from the collected bottle water samples. METHODS: The occurrences of the phthalate esters in the collected bottled water samples were carried out at different temperatures (30, 50, and 60 °C), and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis - selected ion monitoring. Batch adsorption isotherms were used to study and establish the efficiency of such adsorbents in removing phthalate esters, in which they describe the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction systems. Adsorption efficiency of the various adsorbents was investigated by using different adsorbent masses (0.05 g, 0.10 g, and 0.15 g) and temperature (30 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C). Different physical and chemical characterizations were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, pore radius, and pore volume. RESULTS: The results indicated that the most abundant phthalate esters were DMP followed by DEP under 30 °C; however, DNOP was not detected in any of the tested water samples, except for one sample under 30 °C with a concentration of 0.031 μg/mL. The obtained results showed that phthalate esters leaching to the bottled drinking water were affected by storage temperature. The phthalate esters levels were increased with increasing the temperature to 60 °C. It was concluded that the ability of S-RODP for the adsorption of phthalate esters was better than the removal percentage obtained by AC and RODP. The removal percentage was increased from 90 to 99% by increasing the temperature from 30 to 50 °C and then decreased to 92.3% at 60 °C. CONCLUSION: RODP was successfully used as an effective adsorbent for phthalate esters removal from drinking water. However, S-RODP has the highest removal abilities than other adsorbents due to the newly formed functional groups on its surface. Springer International Publishing 2021-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8172698/ /pubmed/34150270 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00642-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Alhaddad, Fedae A.
Abu-Dieyeh, Mohammed
Da’ana, Dana
Helaleh, Murad
Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A.
Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
title Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
title_full Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
title_fullStr Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
title_short Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
title_sort occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from bottled drinking water using silver modified roasted date pits
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8172698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150270
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00642-9
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