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The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron
Focused ultrasound (US) is an emerging neuromodulation technology that has gained much attention because of its ability to modulate, noninvasively, neuronal activity in a variety of animals, including humans. However, there has been considerable debate about exactly which types of neurons can be inf...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Society for Neuroscience
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8174046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33853851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0514-20.2021 |
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author | Collins, Morgan N. Legon, Wynn Mesce, Karen A. |
author_facet | Collins, Morgan N. Legon, Wynn Mesce, Karen A. |
author_sort | Collins, Morgan N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Focused ultrasound (US) is an emerging neuromodulation technology that has gained much attention because of its ability to modulate, noninvasively, neuronal activity in a variety of animals, including humans. However, there has been considerable debate about exactly which types of neurons can be influenced and what underlying mechanisms are in play. Are US-evoked motor changes driven indirectly by activated mechanosensory inputs, or more directly via central interneurons or motoneurons? Although it has been shown that US can mechanically depolarize mechanosensory neurons, there are no studies that have yet tested how identified motoneurons respond directly to US and what the underlying mechanism might be. Here, we examined the effects of US on a single, identified motoneuron within a well-studied and tractable invertebrate preparation, the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana. Our approach aimed to clarify single neuronal responses to US, which may be obscured in other studies whereby US is applied across a diverse population of cells. We found that US has the ability to inhibit tonic spiking activity through a predominately thermal mechanism. US-evoked effects persisted after blocking synaptic inputs, indicating that its actions were direct. Experiments also revealed that US-comparable heating blocked the axonal conduction of spontaneous action potentials. Finally, we found no evidence that US had significant mechanical effects on the neurons tested, a finding counter to prevailing views. We conclude that a non-sensory neuron can be directly inhibited via a thermal mechanism, a finding that holds promise for clinical neuromodulatory applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8174046 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Society for Neuroscience |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81740462021-06-03 The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron Collins, Morgan N. Legon, Wynn Mesce, Karen A. eNeuro Research Article: New Research Focused ultrasound (US) is an emerging neuromodulation technology that has gained much attention because of its ability to modulate, noninvasively, neuronal activity in a variety of animals, including humans. However, there has been considerable debate about exactly which types of neurons can be influenced and what underlying mechanisms are in play. Are US-evoked motor changes driven indirectly by activated mechanosensory inputs, or more directly via central interneurons or motoneurons? Although it has been shown that US can mechanically depolarize mechanosensory neurons, there are no studies that have yet tested how identified motoneurons respond directly to US and what the underlying mechanism might be. Here, we examined the effects of US on a single, identified motoneuron within a well-studied and tractable invertebrate preparation, the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana. Our approach aimed to clarify single neuronal responses to US, which may be obscured in other studies whereby US is applied across a diverse population of cells. We found that US has the ability to inhibit tonic spiking activity through a predominately thermal mechanism. US-evoked effects persisted after blocking synaptic inputs, indicating that its actions were direct. Experiments also revealed that US-comparable heating blocked the axonal conduction of spontaneous action potentials. Finally, we found no evidence that US had significant mechanical effects on the neurons tested, a finding counter to prevailing views. We conclude that a non-sensory neuron can be directly inhibited via a thermal mechanism, a finding that holds promise for clinical neuromodulatory applications. Society for Neuroscience 2021-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8174046/ /pubmed/33853851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0514-20.2021 Text en Copyright © 2021 Collins et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Research Article: New Research Collins, Morgan N. Legon, Wynn Mesce, Karen A. The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron |
title | The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron |
title_full | The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron |
title_fullStr | The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron |
title_full_unstemmed | The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron |
title_short | The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron |
title_sort | inhibitory thermal effects of focused ultrasound on an identified, single motoneuron |
topic | Research Article: New Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8174046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33853851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0514-20.2021 |
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