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Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition
Hyperglycemia aggravates brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, there are relatively few studies on morphological changes of the BBB. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on BB...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
D.A. Spandidos
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8175066/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34080644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4975 |
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author | Guo, Yongzhen Dong, Lingdi Gong, Ao Zhang, Jingwen Jing, Li Ding, Tomas Li, Ping-An Andy Zhang, Jian-Zhong |
author_facet | Guo, Yongzhen Dong, Lingdi Gong, Ao Zhang, Jingwen Jing, Li Ding, Tomas Li, Ping-An Andy Zhang, Jian-Zhong |
author_sort | Guo, Yongzhen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hyperglycemia aggravates brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, there are relatively few studies on morphological changes of the BBB. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on BBB morphological changes following cerebral I/R injury. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic and citrate-buffered saline-injected normoglycemic rats were subjected to 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological deficits were evaluated. Brain infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans blue and IgG extravasation following 24 h reperfusion. Changes in tight junctions (TJ) and basement membrane (BM) proteins (claudin, occludin and zonula occludens-1) were examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Astrocytes, microglial cells and neutrophils were labeled with specific antibodies for immunohistochemistry after 1, 3 and 7 days of reperfusion. Hyperglycemia increased extravasations of Evan's blue and IgG and aggravated damage to TJ and BM proteins following I/R injury. Furthermore, hyperglycemia suppressed astrocyte activation and damaged astrocytic endfeet surrounding cerebral blood vessels following I/R. Hyperglycemia inhibited microglia activation and proliferation and increased neutrophil infiltration in the brain. It was concluded that hyperglycemia-induced BBB leakage following I/R might be caused by damage to TJ and BM proteins and astrocytic endfeet. Furthermore, suppression of microglial cells and increased neutrophil infiltration to the brain may contribute to the detrimental effects of pre-ischemic hyperglycemia on the outcome of cerebral ischemic stroke. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8175066 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | D.A. Spandidos |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81750662021-06-07 Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition Guo, Yongzhen Dong, Lingdi Gong, Ao Zhang, Jingwen Jing, Li Ding, Tomas Li, Ping-An Andy Zhang, Jian-Zhong Int J Mol Med Articles Hyperglycemia aggravates brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, there are relatively few studies on morphological changes of the BBB. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on BBB morphological changes following cerebral I/R injury. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic and citrate-buffered saline-injected normoglycemic rats were subjected to 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological deficits were evaluated. Brain infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans blue and IgG extravasation following 24 h reperfusion. Changes in tight junctions (TJ) and basement membrane (BM) proteins (claudin, occludin and zonula occludens-1) were examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Astrocytes, microglial cells and neutrophils were labeled with specific antibodies for immunohistochemistry after 1, 3 and 7 days of reperfusion. Hyperglycemia increased extravasations of Evan's blue and IgG and aggravated damage to TJ and BM proteins following I/R injury. Furthermore, hyperglycemia suppressed astrocyte activation and damaged astrocytic endfeet surrounding cerebral blood vessels following I/R. Hyperglycemia inhibited microglia activation and proliferation and increased neutrophil infiltration in the brain. It was concluded that hyperglycemia-induced BBB leakage following I/R might be caused by damage to TJ and BM proteins and astrocytic endfeet. Furthermore, suppression of microglial cells and increased neutrophil infiltration to the brain may contribute to the detrimental effects of pre-ischemic hyperglycemia on the outcome of cerebral ischemic stroke. D.A. Spandidos 2021-07 2021-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8175066/ /pubmed/34080644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4975 Text en Copyright: © Guo et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Articles Guo, Yongzhen Dong, Lingdi Gong, Ao Zhang, Jingwen Jing, Li Ding, Tomas Li, Ping-An Andy Zhang, Jian-Zhong Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
title | Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
title_full | Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
title_fullStr | Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
title_full_unstemmed | Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
title_short | Damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
title_sort | damage to the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8175066/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34080644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4975 |
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