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Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem
Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming, fungus-related pathogens that can infect both invertebrates and vertebrates including humans. The primary infection site is usually digestive tract, but systemic infections occur as well and cause damages to organs such as lung, brain, and liver. The syste...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8176104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34095003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.694957 |
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author | Bao, Jialing Mo, Biying An, Guozhen Luo, Jian Poncz, Mortimer Pan, Guoqing Li, Tian Zhou, Zeyang |
author_facet | Bao, Jialing Mo, Biying An, Guozhen Luo, Jian Poncz, Mortimer Pan, Guoqing Li, Tian Zhou, Zeyang |
author_sort | Bao, Jialing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming, fungus-related pathogens that can infect both invertebrates and vertebrates including humans. The primary infection site is usually digestive tract, but systemic infections occur as well and cause damages to organs such as lung, brain, and liver. The systemic spread of microsporidia may be intravascular, requiring attachment and colonization in the presence of shear stress. Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a large multimeric intravascular protein and the key attachment sites for platelets and coagulation factors. Here in this study, we investigated the interactions between VWF and microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem), and the modulating effects on E. hellem after VWF binding. Microfluidic assays showed that E. hellem binds to ultra-large VWF strings under shear stress. In vitro germination assay and infection assay proved that E. hellem significantly increased the rates of germination and infection, and these effects would be reversed by VWF blocking antibody. Mass spectrometry analysis further revealed that VWF-incubation altered various aspects of E. hellem including metabolic activity, levels of structural molecules, and protein maturation. Our findings demonstrated that VWF can bind microsporidia in circulation, and modulate its pathogenicity, including promoting germination and infection rate. VWF facilitates microsporidia intravascular spreading and systemic infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8176104 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81761042021-06-05 Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem Bao, Jialing Mo, Biying An, Guozhen Luo, Jian Poncz, Mortimer Pan, Guoqing Li, Tian Zhou, Zeyang Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming, fungus-related pathogens that can infect both invertebrates and vertebrates including humans. The primary infection site is usually digestive tract, but systemic infections occur as well and cause damages to organs such as lung, brain, and liver. The systemic spread of microsporidia may be intravascular, requiring attachment and colonization in the presence of shear stress. Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a large multimeric intravascular protein and the key attachment sites for platelets and coagulation factors. Here in this study, we investigated the interactions between VWF and microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem), and the modulating effects on E. hellem after VWF binding. Microfluidic assays showed that E. hellem binds to ultra-large VWF strings under shear stress. In vitro germination assay and infection assay proved that E. hellem significantly increased the rates of germination and infection, and these effects would be reversed by VWF blocking antibody. Mass spectrometry analysis further revealed that VWF-incubation altered various aspects of E. hellem including metabolic activity, levels of structural molecules, and protein maturation. Our findings demonstrated that VWF can bind microsporidia in circulation, and modulate its pathogenicity, including promoting germination and infection rate. VWF facilitates microsporidia intravascular spreading and systemic infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8176104/ /pubmed/34095003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.694957 Text en Copyright © 2021 Bao, Mo, An, Luo, Poncz, Pan, Li and Zhou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Bao, Jialing Mo, Biying An, Guozhen Luo, Jian Poncz, Mortimer Pan, Guoqing Li, Tian Zhou, Zeyang Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem |
title | Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem
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title_full | Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem
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title_fullStr | Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem
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title_full_unstemmed | Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem
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title_short | Von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Intravascular Dissemination of Microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem
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title_sort | von willebrand factor facilitates intravascular dissemination of microsporidia encephalitozoon hellem |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8176104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34095003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.694957 |
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