Rapid ATF4 Depletion Resets Synaptic Responsiveness after cLTP

Activating transcription factor 4 [ATF4 (also called CREB2)], in addition to its well studied role in stress responses, is proposed to play important physiologic functions in regulating learning and memory. However, the nature of these functions has not been well defined and is subject to apparently disparate views. Here, we provide evidence that ATF4 is a regulator of excitability during synaptic plasticity. We evaluated the role of ATF4 in mature hippocampal cultures subjected to a brief chemically induced LTP (cLTP) protocol that results in changes in mEPSC properties and synaptic AMPA receptor density 1 h later, with return to baseline by 24 h. We find that ATF4 protein, but not its mRNA, is rapidly depleted by ∼50% in response to cLTP induction via NMDA receptor activation. Depletion is detectable in dendrites within 15 min and in cell bodies by 1 h, and returns to baseline by 8 h. Such changes correlate with a parallel depletion of phospho-eIF2a, suggesting that ATF4 loss is driven by decreased translation. To probe the physiologic role of cLTP-induced ATF4 depletion, we constitutively overexpressed the protein. Reversing ATF4 depletion by overexpression blocked the recovery of synaptic activity and AMPA receptor density to baseline values that would otherwise occur 24 h after cLTP induction. This reversal was not reproduced by a transcriptionally inactive ATF4 mutant. These findings support the role of ATF4 as a required element in resetting baseline synaptic responsiveness after cLTP.