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Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory masks became an integral part of outdoor sports such as jogging in crowded areas (e.g. city parks) as well as indoor sports in gyms and sports centers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of medical face masks on performance an...

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Autores principales: Egger, Florian, Blumenauer, Dominic, Fischer, Patrick, Venhorst, Andreas, Kulenthiran, Saarraaken, Bewarder, Yvonne, Zimmer, Angela, Böhm, Michael, Meyer, Tim, Mahfoud, Felix
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8179953/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34091726
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01877-0
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author Egger, Florian
Blumenauer, Dominic
Fischer, Patrick
Venhorst, Andreas
Kulenthiran, Saarraaken
Bewarder, Yvonne
Zimmer, Angela
Böhm, Michael
Meyer, Tim
Mahfoud, Felix
author_facet Egger, Florian
Blumenauer, Dominic
Fischer, Patrick
Venhorst, Andreas
Kulenthiran, Saarraaken
Bewarder, Yvonne
Zimmer, Angela
Böhm, Michael
Meyer, Tim
Mahfoud, Felix
author_sort Egger, Florian
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory masks became an integral part of outdoor sports such as jogging in crowded areas (e.g. city parks) as well as indoor sports in gyms and sports centers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of medical face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory parameters in athletes. METHODS: In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 well-trained athletes (age 27 ± 7 years, peak oxygen consumption 56.2 ± 5.6 ml kg(−1) min(−1), maximum performance 5.1 ± 0.5 Watt kg(−1)) underwent three stepwise incremental exercise tests to exhaustion without mask (NM), with surgical mask (SM) and FFP2 mask (FFP2). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were monitored by spiroergometry and blood lactate (BLa) testing throughout the tests. RESULTS: There was a large effect of masks on performance with a significant reduction of maximum performance with SM (355 ± 41 Watt) and FFP2 (364 ± 43 Watt) compared to NM (377 ± 40 Watt), respectively (p < 0.001; ηp(2) = 0.50). A large interaction effect with a reduction of both oxygen consumption (p < 0.001; ηp(2) = 0.34) and minute ventilation (p < 0.001; ηp(2) = 0.39) was observed. At the termination of the test with SM 11 of 16 subjects reported acute dyspnea from the suction of the wet and deformed mask. No difference in performance was observed at the individual anaerobic threshold (p = 0.90). CONCLUSION: Both SM and to a lesser extent FFP2 were associated with reduced maximum performance, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. For strenuous anaerobic exercise, an FFP2 mask may be preferred over an SM.
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spelling pubmed-81799532021-06-07 Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes Egger, Florian Blumenauer, Dominic Fischer, Patrick Venhorst, Andreas Kulenthiran, Saarraaken Bewarder, Yvonne Zimmer, Angela Böhm, Michael Meyer, Tim Mahfoud, Felix Clin Res Cardiol Original Paper BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory masks became an integral part of outdoor sports such as jogging in crowded areas (e.g. city parks) as well as indoor sports in gyms and sports centers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of medical face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory parameters in athletes. METHODS: In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 well-trained athletes (age 27 ± 7 years, peak oxygen consumption 56.2 ± 5.6 ml kg(−1) min(−1), maximum performance 5.1 ± 0.5 Watt kg(−1)) underwent three stepwise incremental exercise tests to exhaustion without mask (NM), with surgical mask (SM) and FFP2 mask (FFP2). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were monitored by spiroergometry and blood lactate (BLa) testing throughout the tests. RESULTS: There was a large effect of masks on performance with a significant reduction of maximum performance with SM (355 ± 41 Watt) and FFP2 (364 ± 43 Watt) compared to NM (377 ± 40 Watt), respectively (p < 0.001; ηp(2) = 0.50). A large interaction effect with a reduction of both oxygen consumption (p < 0.001; ηp(2) = 0.34) and minute ventilation (p < 0.001; ηp(2) = 0.39) was observed. At the termination of the test with SM 11 of 16 subjects reported acute dyspnea from the suction of the wet and deformed mask. No difference in performance was observed at the individual anaerobic threshold (p = 0.90). CONCLUSION: Both SM and to a lesser extent FFP2 were associated with reduced maximum performance, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. For strenuous anaerobic exercise, an FFP2 mask may be preferred over an SM. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-06-06 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8179953/ /pubmed/34091726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01877-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Paper
Egger, Florian
Blumenauer, Dominic
Fischer, Patrick
Venhorst, Andreas
Kulenthiran, Saarraaken
Bewarder, Yvonne
Zimmer, Angela
Böhm, Michael
Meyer, Tim
Mahfoud, Felix
Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
title Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
title_full Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
title_fullStr Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
title_full_unstemmed Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
title_short Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
title_sort effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8179953/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34091726
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01877-0
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