Delayed diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis: A case report

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Cutaneous TB (CTB) occurs rarely, accounting for less than 1% of all TB cases. Due to the clinical presentation and diagnostic difficulties, CTB is often clinically neglected and misdiagnosed. CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old man underwent several debridement surgeries and skin flap transplantation after trauma. The wound remained unhealed, accompanied by sinus formation. According to empirical judgment, T-cell spot of TB test, and bacterial culture of pyogenic fluids, he was diagnosed with CTB due to infection with exogenous Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A comprehensive anti-TB regimen that included isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was applied. The sinus was filled with a hydrophilic fiber-containing silver dressing, and wound-protecting sponges were applied to part of the wound. The wound healed after 40 d. No ulceration was found within 2 mo after discharge; further follow-up will be conducted. CONCLUSION: A non-healing wound may be caused by TB infection. Comprehensive treatment of CTB is effective.