Cargando…
Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model
The study investigated the influence of resilience and dispositional optimism on, first, emotional distress and, second, the intention to self-isolate, experienced by people with a lower and higher illness risk, during the lockdown imposed in Spain during the first COVID-19 wave. These effects were...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8180876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34108919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662395 |
_version_ | 1783704042625564672 |
---|---|
author | Cervera-Torres, Sergio Ruiz-Fernández, Susana Godbersen, Hendrik Massó, Lena Martínez-Rubio, David Pintado-Cucarella, Sheila Baños, Rosa M. |
author_facet | Cervera-Torres, Sergio Ruiz-Fernández, Susana Godbersen, Hendrik Massó, Lena Martínez-Rubio, David Pintado-Cucarella, Sheila Baños, Rosa M. |
author_sort | Cervera-Torres, Sergio |
collection | PubMed |
description | The study investigated the influence of resilience and dispositional optimism on, first, emotional distress and, second, the intention to self-isolate, experienced by people with a lower and higher illness risk, during the lockdown imposed in Spain during the first COVID-19 wave. These effects were investigated against the background of the Health Belief Model (HBM). A convenience sample of N = 325 participants completed an online survey including an ad-hoc questionnaire measuring the HBM core factors: Perceived health threat (susceptibility and severity of getting infected), and perceived quarantine benefits and costs. Self-efficacy and perceived social pressure were also measured. Based on reviews regarding pandemic outbreaks, quarantine benefits were conceptualized as the perceived effectiveness and solidary contribution of self-isolating in line with the quarantine protocols. Quarantine “psychosocial” costs were conceptualized as a composite of perceived boredom, loneliness, and economic concerns. Findings revealed an asymmetrical pattern of results so that (i) people at higher risk were more distressed by the perceived severity of getting infected whereas people at lower risk were more distressed by the psychosocial costs. Moreover, (ii) resilience and optimism were more “protective” against distress within the lower and higher risk groups, respectively. In addition, (iii) quarantine benefits and self-efficacy promoted the intention to self-isolate within both groups. However, (iv) optimism hindered such intention. This finding is discussed in the light of links between dispositional optimism and optimistic bias; the underestimation of experiencing negative events, which can relax the perceived health risk. Based on these findings, communication campaigns should prioritize information about the effectiveness of the implemented preventive behaviors rather than the costs of not implementing them, and be cautionary in encouraging excessive optimism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8180876 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81808762021-06-08 Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model Cervera-Torres, Sergio Ruiz-Fernández, Susana Godbersen, Hendrik Massó, Lena Martínez-Rubio, David Pintado-Cucarella, Sheila Baños, Rosa M. Front Psychol Psychology The study investigated the influence of resilience and dispositional optimism on, first, emotional distress and, second, the intention to self-isolate, experienced by people with a lower and higher illness risk, during the lockdown imposed in Spain during the first COVID-19 wave. These effects were investigated against the background of the Health Belief Model (HBM). A convenience sample of N = 325 participants completed an online survey including an ad-hoc questionnaire measuring the HBM core factors: Perceived health threat (susceptibility and severity of getting infected), and perceived quarantine benefits and costs. Self-efficacy and perceived social pressure were also measured. Based on reviews regarding pandemic outbreaks, quarantine benefits were conceptualized as the perceived effectiveness and solidary contribution of self-isolating in line with the quarantine protocols. Quarantine “psychosocial” costs were conceptualized as a composite of perceived boredom, loneliness, and economic concerns. Findings revealed an asymmetrical pattern of results so that (i) people at higher risk were more distressed by the perceived severity of getting infected whereas people at lower risk were more distressed by the psychosocial costs. Moreover, (ii) resilience and optimism were more “protective” against distress within the lower and higher risk groups, respectively. In addition, (iii) quarantine benefits and self-efficacy promoted the intention to self-isolate within both groups. However, (iv) optimism hindered such intention. This finding is discussed in the light of links between dispositional optimism and optimistic bias; the underestimation of experiencing negative events, which can relax the perceived health risk. Based on these findings, communication campaigns should prioritize information about the effectiveness of the implemented preventive behaviors rather than the costs of not implementing them, and be cautionary in encouraging excessive optimism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8180876/ /pubmed/34108919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662395 Text en Copyright © 2021 Cervera-Torres, Ruiz-Fernández, Godbersen, Massó, Martínez-Rubio, Pintado-Cucarella and Baños. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Cervera-Torres, Sergio Ruiz-Fernández, Susana Godbersen, Hendrik Massó, Lena Martínez-Rubio, David Pintado-Cucarella, Sheila Baños, Rosa M. Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model |
title | Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model |
title_full | Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model |
title_fullStr | Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model |
title_short | Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model |
title_sort | influence of resilience and optimism on distress and intention to self-isolate: contrasting lower and higher covid-19 illness risk samples from an extended health belief model |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8180876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34108919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662395 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cerveratorressergio influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel AT ruizfernandezsusana influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel AT godbersenhendrik influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel AT massolena influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel AT martinezrubiodavid influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel AT pintadocucarellasheila influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel AT banosrosam influenceofresilienceandoptimismondistressandintentiontoselfisolatecontrastinglowerandhighercovid19illnessrisksamplesfromanextendedhealthbeliefmodel |