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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents

Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most important component of breastmilk after lipids and lactose. Several experiments demonstrated the benefici...

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Autores principales: Rousseaux, Anaïs, Brosseau, Carole, Le Gall, Sophie, Piloquet, Hugues, Barbarot, Sébastien, Bodinier, Marie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8180913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34108974
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.680911
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author Rousseaux, Anaïs
Brosseau, Carole
Le Gall, Sophie
Piloquet, Hugues
Barbarot, Sébastien
Bodinier, Marie
author_facet Rousseaux, Anaïs
Brosseau, Carole
Le Gall, Sophie
Piloquet, Hugues
Barbarot, Sébastien
Bodinier, Marie
author_sort Rousseaux, Anaïs
collection PubMed
description Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most important component of breastmilk after lipids and lactose. Several experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of these components on the microbiota, the immune system and epithelial barriers, which are three major biological systems. Indeed, HMOs induce bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract, which is beneficial for health. The gut bacteria can act directly and indirectly on the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and controlling inflammatory reactions and by inducing an adaptive immune response and a tolerogenic environment. In parallel, HMOs directly strengthen the intestinal epithelial barrier, protecting the host against pathogens. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HMOs in these different compartments and highlight their potential use as new therapeutic agents, especially in allergy prevention.
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spelling pubmed-81809132021-06-08 Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents Rousseaux, Anaïs Brosseau, Carole Le Gall, Sophie Piloquet, Hugues Barbarot, Sébastien Bodinier, Marie Front Immunol Immunology Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most important component of breastmilk after lipids and lactose. Several experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of these components on the microbiota, the immune system and epithelial barriers, which are three major biological systems. Indeed, HMOs induce bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract, which is beneficial for health. The gut bacteria can act directly and indirectly on the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and controlling inflammatory reactions and by inducing an adaptive immune response and a tolerogenic environment. In parallel, HMOs directly strengthen the intestinal epithelial barrier, protecting the host against pathogens. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HMOs in these different compartments and highlight their potential use as new therapeutic agents, especially in allergy prevention. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8180913/ /pubmed/34108974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.680911 Text en Copyright © 2021 Rousseaux, Brosseau, Le Gall, Piloquet, Barbarot and Bodinier https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Rousseaux, Anaïs
Brosseau, Carole
Le Gall, Sophie
Piloquet, Hugues
Barbarot, Sébastien
Bodinier, Marie
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
title Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
title_full Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
title_fullStr Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
title_full_unstemmed Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
title_short Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
title_sort human milk oligosaccharides: their effects on the host and their potential as therapeutic agents
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8180913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34108974
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.680911
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