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Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications

Nanotechnology has become a very advanced and popular form of technology with huge potentials. Nanotechnology has been very well explored in the fields of electronics, automobiles, construction, medicine, and cosmetics, but the exploration of nanotecnology’s use in agriculture is still limited. Due...

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Autores principales: Meena, Mukesh, Zehra, Andleeb, Swapnil, Prashant, Harish, Marwal, Avinash, Yadav, Garima, Sonigra, Priyankaraj
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8185355/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34113600
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.613343
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author Meena, Mukesh
Zehra, Andleeb
Swapnil, Prashant
Harish,
Marwal, Avinash
Yadav, Garima
Sonigra, Priyankaraj
author_facet Meena, Mukesh
Zehra, Andleeb
Swapnil, Prashant
Harish,
Marwal, Avinash
Yadav, Garima
Sonigra, Priyankaraj
author_sort Meena, Mukesh
collection PubMed
description Nanotechnology has become a very advanced and popular form of technology with huge potentials. Nanotechnology has been very well explored in the fields of electronics, automobiles, construction, medicine, and cosmetics, but the exploration of nanotecnology’s use in agriculture is still limited. Due to climate change, each year around 40% of crops face abiotic and biotic stress; with the global demand for food increasing, nanotechnology is seen as the best method to mitigate challenges in disease management in crops by reducing the use of chemical inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides. The use of these toxic chemicals is potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, using NPs as fungicides/ bactericides or as nanofertilizers, due to their small size and high surface area with high reactivity, reduces the problems in plant disease management. There are several methods that have been used to synthesize NPs, such as physical and chemical methods. Specially, we need ecofriendly and nontoxic methods for the synthesis of NPs. Some biological organisms like plants, algae, yeast, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi have emerged as superlative candidates for the biological synthesis of NPs (also considered as green synthesis). Among these biological methods, endophytic microorganisms have been widely used to synthesize NPs with low metallic ions, which opens a new possibility on the edge of biological nanotechnology. In this review, we will have discussed the different methods of synthesis of NPs, such as top-down, bottom-up, and green synthesis (specially including endophytic microorganisms) methods, their mechanisms, different forms of NPs, such as magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), β-d-glucan nanoparticles (GNPs), and engineered nanoparticles (quantum dots, metalloids, nonmetals, carbon nanomaterials, dendrimers, and liposomes), and their molecular approaches in various aspects. At the molecular level, nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and RNA-interference molecules, can also be used as molecular tools to carry genetic material during genetic engineering of plants. In plant disease management, NPs can be used as biosensors to diagnose the disease.
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spelling pubmed-81853552021-06-09 Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications Meena, Mukesh Zehra, Andleeb Swapnil, Prashant Harish, Marwal, Avinash Yadav, Garima Sonigra, Priyankaraj Front Chem Chemistry Nanotechnology has become a very advanced and popular form of technology with huge potentials. Nanotechnology has been very well explored in the fields of electronics, automobiles, construction, medicine, and cosmetics, but the exploration of nanotecnology’s use in agriculture is still limited. Due to climate change, each year around 40% of crops face abiotic and biotic stress; with the global demand for food increasing, nanotechnology is seen as the best method to mitigate challenges in disease management in crops by reducing the use of chemical inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides. The use of these toxic chemicals is potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, using NPs as fungicides/ bactericides or as nanofertilizers, due to their small size and high surface area with high reactivity, reduces the problems in plant disease management. There are several methods that have been used to synthesize NPs, such as physical and chemical methods. Specially, we need ecofriendly and nontoxic methods for the synthesis of NPs. Some biological organisms like plants, algae, yeast, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi have emerged as superlative candidates for the biological synthesis of NPs (also considered as green synthesis). Among these biological methods, endophytic microorganisms have been widely used to synthesize NPs with low metallic ions, which opens a new possibility on the edge of biological nanotechnology. In this review, we will have discussed the different methods of synthesis of NPs, such as top-down, bottom-up, and green synthesis (specially including endophytic microorganisms) methods, their mechanisms, different forms of NPs, such as magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), β-d-glucan nanoparticles (GNPs), and engineered nanoparticles (quantum dots, metalloids, nonmetals, carbon nanomaterials, dendrimers, and liposomes), and their molecular approaches in various aspects. At the molecular level, nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and RNA-interference molecules, can also be used as molecular tools to carry genetic material during genetic engineering of plants. In plant disease management, NPs can be used as biosensors to diagnose the disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8185355/ /pubmed/34113600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.613343 Text en Copyright © 2021 Meena, Zehra, Swapnil, Harish, Marwal, Yadav and Sonigra. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Chemistry
Meena, Mukesh
Zehra, Andleeb
Swapnil, Prashant
Harish,
Marwal, Avinash
Yadav, Garima
Sonigra, Priyankaraj
Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
title Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
title_full Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
title_fullStr Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
title_full_unstemmed Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
title_short Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
title_sort endophytic nanotechnology: an approach to study scope and potential applications
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8185355/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34113600
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.613343
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