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The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs
Income polarization is a pressing issue which is increasingly discussed by academics and policymakers. The present research examines income polarization in Canada’s eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) using data at the census-tract (CT) level between 1971 and 2016. Generally, there are si...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34101744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251430 |
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author | Ilic, Lazar Sawada, M. |
author_facet | Ilic, Lazar Sawada, M. |
author_sort | Ilic, Lazar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Income polarization is a pressing issue which is increasingly discussed by academics and policymakers. The present research examines income polarization in Canada’s eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) using data at the census-tract (CT) level between 1971 and 2016. Generally, there are significant decreasing trends in the middle-income population with simultaneously increasing trends in low-income groups. The high-income groups have been relatively stable with fewer significant increasing population trends. Using conventional mapping and cartograms, patterns of the spatial evolution of income inequality are illustrated. Every CMA examined contains an increasing trend of spatial fragmentation at the patch level within each CMA’s landscape mosaic. The results of a spatial autocorrelation analysis at the sub-patch, CT level, exhibit significant spatial clustering of high-income CTs as one process that dominates the increasingly fragmented landscape mosaic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8186789 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81867892021-06-16 The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs Ilic, Lazar Sawada, M. PLoS One Research Article Income polarization is a pressing issue which is increasingly discussed by academics and policymakers. The present research examines income polarization in Canada’s eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) using data at the census-tract (CT) level between 1971 and 2016. Generally, there are significant decreasing trends in the middle-income population with simultaneously increasing trends in low-income groups. The high-income groups have been relatively stable with fewer significant increasing population trends. Using conventional mapping and cartograms, patterns of the spatial evolution of income inequality are illustrated. Every CMA examined contains an increasing trend of spatial fragmentation at the patch level within each CMA’s landscape mosaic. The results of a spatial autocorrelation analysis at the sub-patch, CT level, exhibit significant spatial clustering of high-income CTs as one process that dominates the increasingly fragmented landscape mosaic. Public Library of Science 2021-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8186789/ /pubmed/34101744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251430 Text en © 2021 Ilic, Sawada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ilic, Lazar Sawada, M. The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs |
title | The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs |
title_full | The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs |
title_fullStr | The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs |
title_full_unstemmed | The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs |
title_short | The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs |
title_sort | temporal evolution of income polarization in canada’s largest cmas |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34101744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251430 |
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