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Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

INTRODUCTION: In late 2019, a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019) was identified. As there is no any drug to treat this pandemic, the healthcare professionals are disproportionately at higher risk. The mental health outcome is expected to be high. Anxiety is ex...

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Autores principales: Dagne, Henok, Atnafu, Asmamaw, Alemu, Kassahun, Azale, Telake, Yitayih, Sewbesew, Dagnew, Baye, Maru Alemayehu, Abiy, Andualem, Zewudu, Mequanent Sisay, Malede, Tadesse, Demewoz, Hailu Chekol, Soliyana, Mengistu Mamo, Eyerusalem, Simegn, Wudneh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34101757
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252664
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author Dagne, Henok
Atnafu, Asmamaw
Alemu, Kassahun
Azale, Telake
Yitayih, Sewbesew
Dagnew, Baye
Maru Alemayehu, Abiy
Andualem, Zewudu
Mequanent Sisay, Malede
Tadesse, Demewoz
Hailu Chekol, Soliyana
Mengistu Mamo, Eyerusalem
Simegn, Wudneh
author_facet Dagne, Henok
Atnafu, Asmamaw
Alemu, Kassahun
Azale, Telake
Yitayih, Sewbesew
Dagnew, Baye
Maru Alemayehu, Abiy
Andualem, Zewudu
Mequanent Sisay, Malede
Tadesse, Demewoz
Hailu Chekol, Soliyana
Mengistu Mamo, Eyerusalem
Simegn, Wudneh
author_sort Dagne, Henok
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: In late 2019, a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019) was identified. As there is no any drug to treat this pandemic, the healthcare professionals are disproportionately at higher risk. The mental health outcome is expected to be high. Anxiety is expected to have a significant impact on health professionals, especially among those who work without adequate resources for self-protection. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research was to assess self-reported anxiety symptoms and associated factors among Ethiopian healthcare professionals in the early stages of the pandemic. METHODS: We have conducted an online cross-sectional study to collect information from healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during the early stage of the outbreak from April 7, 2020 to May 19, 2020. GAD-7 was used for measurement of anxiety. We have used a cut of point of 10 and above to report anxiety symptoms. We have used Google Forms for online data collection and SPSS-22 for analysis. To determine associated factors for anxiety, a binary logistic regression model was used. Variables with p-value < 0.2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression were exported for further analysis in the multivariable binary logistic regression. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcomes. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-eight healthcare professionals filled the online questionnaire; Majority (71.1%) were males. Significant number of respondents (78.9%) reported lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) at the work place. The prevalence of anxiety was 26.8%. Being female (AOR: 1.88; 95% C.I:1.11, 3.19), visiting/treating 30–150 patients per day (AOR: 3.44; 95% C.I:1.51, 7.84), those employed at private healthcare institutions (AOR: 2.40; 95% C.I:1.17, 4.90), who do not believe that COVID-19 is preventable (AOR: 2.04; 95% C.I:1.04, 4.03) and those who reported lack of PPE (AOR: 1.98; 95% C.I:1.04, 3.79) were more likely to be anxious. CONCLUSIONS: The anxiety prevalence among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during early stage of COVID-19 pandemic was high. This study shows that lack of preventive equipment, being female, contact with many patients, low self-efficacy and working in private health facilities were risk factors for anxiety. Anxiety prevention among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic requires a holistic approach including provision of sufficient PPE, improving self-efficacy and addressing problems both at public and private institutions and focusing more on female health professionals.
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spelling pubmed-81868092021-06-16 Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia Dagne, Henok Atnafu, Asmamaw Alemu, Kassahun Azale, Telake Yitayih, Sewbesew Dagnew, Baye Maru Alemayehu, Abiy Andualem, Zewudu Mequanent Sisay, Malede Tadesse, Demewoz Hailu Chekol, Soliyana Mengistu Mamo, Eyerusalem Simegn, Wudneh PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: In late 2019, a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019) was identified. As there is no any drug to treat this pandemic, the healthcare professionals are disproportionately at higher risk. The mental health outcome is expected to be high. Anxiety is expected to have a significant impact on health professionals, especially among those who work without adequate resources for self-protection. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research was to assess self-reported anxiety symptoms and associated factors among Ethiopian healthcare professionals in the early stages of the pandemic. METHODS: We have conducted an online cross-sectional study to collect information from healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during the early stage of the outbreak from April 7, 2020 to May 19, 2020. GAD-7 was used for measurement of anxiety. We have used a cut of point of 10 and above to report anxiety symptoms. We have used Google Forms for online data collection and SPSS-22 for analysis. To determine associated factors for anxiety, a binary logistic regression model was used. Variables with p-value < 0.2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression were exported for further analysis in the multivariable binary logistic regression. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcomes. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-eight healthcare professionals filled the online questionnaire; Majority (71.1%) were males. Significant number of respondents (78.9%) reported lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) at the work place. The prevalence of anxiety was 26.8%. Being female (AOR: 1.88; 95% C.I:1.11, 3.19), visiting/treating 30–150 patients per day (AOR: 3.44; 95% C.I:1.51, 7.84), those employed at private healthcare institutions (AOR: 2.40; 95% C.I:1.17, 4.90), who do not believe that COVID-19 is preventable (AOR: 2.04; 95% C.I:1.04, 4.03) and those who reported lack of PPE (AOR: 1.98; 95% C.I:1.04, 3.79) were more likely to be anxious. CONCLUSIONS: The anxiety prevalence among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during early stage of COVID-19 pandemic was high. This study shows that lack of preventive equipment, being female, contact with many patients, low self-efficacy and working in private health facilities were risk factors for anxiety. Anxiety prevention among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic requires a holistic approach including provision of sufficient PPE, improving self-efficacy and addressing problems both at public and private institutions and focusing more on female health professionals. Public Library of Science 2021-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8186809/ /pubmed/34101757 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252664 Text en © 2021 Dagne et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Dagne, Henok
Atnafu, Asmamaw
Alemu, Kassahun
Azale, Telake
Yitayih, Sewbesew
Dagnew, Baye
Maru Alemayehu, Abiy
Andualem, Zewudu
Mequanent Sisay, Malede
Tadesse, Demewoz
Hailu Chekol, Soliyana
Mengistu Mamo, Eyerusalem
Simegn, Wudneh
Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
title Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
title_full Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
title_short Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
title_sort anxiety and associated factors among ethiopian health professionals at early stage of covid-19 pandemic in ethiopia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34101757
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252664
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