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Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study
Chronic enteropathies (CEs) in dogs, according to the treatment response to consecutive trials, are classified as food-responsive (FRE), antibiotic-responsive (ARE), and immunosuppressive-responsive (IRE) enteropathy. In addition to this classification, dogs with loss of protein across the gut are g...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187750/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34124221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.655311 |
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author | Febo, Elettra Crisi, Paolo Emidio Oddi, Sergio Pietra, Marco Galiazzo, Giorgia Piscitelli, Fabiana Gramenzi, Alessandro Prinzio, Roberta Di Di Tommaso, Morena Bernabò, Nicola Bisogno, Tiziana Maccarrone, Mauro Boari, Andrea |
author_facet | Febo, Elettra Crisi, Paolo Emidio Oddi, Sergio Pietra, Marco Galiazzo, Giorgia Piscitelli, Fabiana Gramenzi, Alessandro Prinzio, Roberta Di Di Tommaso, Morena Bernabò, Nicola Bisogno, Tiziana Maccarrone, Mauro Boari, Andrea |
author_sort | Febo, Elettra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic enteropathies (CEs) in dogs, according to the treatment response to consecutive trials, are classified as food-responsive (FRE), antibiotic-responsive (ARE), and immunosuppressive-responsive (IRE) enteropathy. In addition to this classification, dogs with loss of protein across the gut are grouped as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). At present, the diagnosis of CEs is time-consuming, costly and sometimes invasive, also because non-invasive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are not yet available. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the levels of circulating endocannabinoids in plasma as potential diagnostic markers of canine CEs. Thirty-three dogs with primary chronic gastrointestinal signs presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of Teramo and Bologna (Italy) were prospectively enrolled in the study, and 30 healthy dogs were included as a control group. Plasma levels of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) were measured at the time of the first visit in dogs with different CEs, as well as in healthy subjects. Plasma levels of 2-AG (p = 0.001) and PEA (p = 0.008) were increased in canine CEs compared to healthy dogs. In particular, PEA levels were increased in the FRE group compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.04), while 2-AG was higher in IRE than in healthy dogs (p = 0.0001). Dogs affected by FRE also showed decreased 2-AG (p = 0.0001) and increased OEA levels (p = 0.0018) compared to IRE dogs. Moreover, dogs with PLE showed increased 2-AG (p = 0.033) and decreased AEA (p = 0.035), OEA (p = 0.016) and PEA (p = 0.023) levels, when compared to dogs affected by CEs without loss of proteins. The areas under ROC curves for circulating 2-AG (0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–1.03) and OEA (0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97) showed a good accuracy in distinguishing the different forms of CEs under study (FRE, ARE and IRE), at the time of the first visit. The present study demonstrated that endocannabinoid signaling is altered in canine CEs, and that CE subtypes showed distinct profiles of 2-AG, PEA and OEA plasma levels, suggesting that these circulating bioactive lipids might have the potential to become candidate biomarkers for canine CEs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8187750 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81877502021-06-10 Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study Febo, Elettra Crisi, Paolo Emidio Oddi, Sergio Pietra, Marco Galiazzo, Giorgia Piscitelli, Fabiana Gramenzi, Alessandro Prinzio, Roberta Di Di Tommaso, Morena Bernabò, Nicola Bisogno, Tiziana Maccarrone, Mauro Boari, Andrea Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Chronic enteropathies (CEs) in dogs, according to the treatment response to consecutive trials, are classified as food-responsive (FRE), antibiotic-responsive (ARE), and immunosuppressive-responsive (IRE) enteropathy. In addition to this classification, dogs with loss of protein across the gut are grouped as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). At present, the diagnosis of CEs is time-consuming, costly and sometimes invasive, also because non-invasive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are not yet available. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the levels of circulating endocannabinoids in plasma as potential diagnostic markers of canine CEs. Thirty-three dogs with primary chronic gastrointestinal signs presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of Teramo and Bologna (Italy) were prospectively enrolled in the study, and 30 healthy dogs were included as a control group. Plasma levels of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) were measured at the time of the first visit in dogs with different CEs, as well as in healthy subjects. Plasma levels of 2-AG (p = 0.001) and PEA (p = 0.008) were increased in canine CEs compared to healthy dogs. In particular, PEA levels were increased in the FRE group compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.04), while 2-AG was higher in IRE than in healthy dogs (p = 0.0001). Dogs affected by FRE also showed decreased 2-AG (p = 0.0001) and increased OEA levels (p = 0.0018) compared to IRE dogs. Moreover, dogs with PLE showed increased 2-AG (p = 0.033) and decreased AEA (p = 0.035), OEA (p = 0.016) and PEA (p = 0.023) levels, when compared to dogs affected by CEs without loss of proteins. The areas under ROC curves for circulating 2-AG (0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–1.03) and OEA (0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97) showed a good accuracy in distinguishing the different forms of CEs under study (FRE, ARE and IRE), at the time of the first visit. The present study demonstrated that endocannabinoid signaling is altered in canine CEs, and that CE subtypes showed distinct profiles of 2-AG, PEA and OEA plasma levels, suggesting that these circulating bioactive lipids might have the potential to become candidate biomarkers for canine CEs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8187750/ /pubmed/34124221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.655311 Text en Copyright © 2021 Febo, Crisi, Oddi, Pietra, Galiazzo, Piscitelli, Gramenzi, Prinzio, Di Tommaso, Bernabò, Bisogno, Maccarrone and Boari. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Febo, Elettra Crisi, Paolo Emidio Oddi, Sergio Pietra, Marco Galiazzo, Giorgia Piscitelli, Fabiana Gramenzi, Alessandro Prinzio, Roberta Di Di Tommaso, Morena Bernabò, Nicola Bisogno, Tiziana Maccarrone, Mauro Boari, Andrea Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study |
title | Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study |
title_full | Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study |
title_fullStr | Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study |
title_short | Circulating Endocannabinoids as Diagnostic Markers of Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A Pilot Study |
title_sort | circulating endocannabinoids as diagnostic markers of canine chronic enteropathies: a pilot study |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187750/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34124221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.655311 |
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