Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia treatment by Locally Made Low-Cost Phototherapy Units

BACKGROUND: Hyperbilirubinemia is a very common finding in neonates and may occasionally cause severe morbidity and even mortality. Severe hyperbilirubinemia is typically treated, either with phototherapy or exchange transfusions. This study assessed the effectiveness of a locally manufactured phototherapy device for reducing serum bilirubin in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was carried out to assess the outcome of 32 infants who were treated for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia at Jimma Medical Center (JMC) from May, 2017 to April, 2018. RESULTS: Out of 75 charts reviewed, only 32 had subsequent bilirubin level determination, 18(56.3%) of them were males. The age at which jaundice was noticed and confirmed with plasma bilirubin level was 4 ± 2.7 days (mean±SD). Sepsis was thought to be the cause of hyperbilirubinemia in 13(40.5%) of the cases, while hemolysis from ABO incompatibility or RH incompatibility contributed in 5(15.6%) and 3(9.4) of the infants respectively. The mean (minimum, maximum) level of baseline TSB was 21.4(14, 55) mg/dL. Five infants (15.6%) had exchange transfusions because of extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The duration of phototherapy and decline in TSB were 5.34 ±2.8 days and 2.2±1.5mg/dl/day (mean±SD) respectively. The levels of TSB before and at the end of phototherapy were significantly different (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Acceptable reduction of TSB was achieved by using locally manufactured PT devices. Benefits included better accessibility and lower price and maintenance costs. High mean baseline TSB was observed, and duration of phototherapy is prolonged which could indicate late diagnosis compared to similar studies.