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Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria

OBJECTIVES: To assess the probable risk factors associated with Multiple sclerosis among Syrian patients in the city of Damascus. METHOD: In a case-control study conducted from May to September 2020, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy controls were selected from two main hospitals in Damascus. Data reg...

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Autores principales: Taan, Maher, Al Ahmad, Farah, Ercksousi, Mohammad Karim, Hamza, Ghassan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8189778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34123428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8147451
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author Taan, Maher
Al Ahmad, Farah
Ercksousi, Mohammad Karim
Hamza, Ghassan
author_facet Taan, Maher
Al Ahmad, Farah
Ercksousi, Mohammad Karim
Hamza, Ghassan
author_sort Taan, Maher
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To assess the probable risk factors associated with Multiple sclerosis among Syrian patients in the city of Damascus. METHOD: In a case-control study conducted from May to September 2020, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy controls were selected from two main hospitals in Damascus. Data regarding risk factors associated with MS was collected via a structured questionnaire and complementary laboratory tests. The statistical analysis was carried out by the SPSS Statistical Software Version 26. RESULTS: Factors such as smoking, family history of MS, migraine, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with a higher risk of developing MS: Smoking (OR = 2.275 95% CI (1.348-3.841) P = 0.002). Family history of MS (OR = 3.970 95% CI (1.807-8.719) P ≤ 0.001). Migraine (OR = 3.011 95% CI (1.345-6.741) P = 0.005). Vitamin D deficiency (OR = 4.778 95% CI (2.863-7.972) P ≤ 0.001). However, factors such as diabetes, hypertension, a surgical history of appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and being the first-born in a family were statistically irrelevant: Diabetes (OR = 0.652 95% CI (0.226-1.882) P = 0.426). Hypertension (OR = 1.445 95% CI (0.724-2.885) P = 0.295) Appendectomy (OR = 1.269 95% CI (0.486-3.317) P = 0.626) Tonsillectomy (OR = 1.280 95% CI (0.576-2.843) P = 0.544). First-born Child (OR = 0.933 95% CI (0.558-1.562) P = 0.793). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that smoking, vitamin D deficiency, family history of MS, and migraine are probable risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, engaging in outdoor activities and maintaining a healthy diet—for females in particular—is highly recommended.
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spelling pubmed-81897782021-06-11 Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria Taan, Maher Al Ahmad, Farah Ercksousi, Mohammad Karim Hamza, Ghassan Mult Scler Int Research Article OBJECTIVES: To assess the probable risk factors associated with Multiple sclerosis among Syrian patients in the city of Damascus. METHOD: In a case-control study conducted from May to September 2020, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy controls were selected from two main hospitals in Damascus. Data regarding risk factors associated with MS was collected via a structured questionnaire and complementary laboratory tests. The statistical analysis was carried out by the SPSS Statistical Software Version 26. RESULTS: Factors such as smoking, family history of MS, migraine, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with a higher risk of developing MS: Smoking (OR = 2.275 95% CI (1.348-3.841) P = 0.002). Family history of MS (OR = 3.970 95% CI (1.807-8.719) P ≤ 0.001). Migraine (OR = 3.011 95% CI (1.345-6.741) P = 0.005). Vitamin D deficiency (OR = 4.778 95% CI (2.863-7.972) P ≤ 0.001). However, factors such as diabetes, hypertension, a surgical history of appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and being the first-born in a family were statistically irrelevant: Diabetes (OR = 0.652 95% CI (0.226-1.882) P = 0.426). Hypertension (OR = 1.445 95% CI (0.724-2.885) P = 0.295) Appendectomy (OR = 1.269 95% CI (0.486-3.317) P = 0.626) Tonsillectomy (OR = 1.280 95% CI (0.576-2.843) P = 0.544). First-born Child (OR = 0.933 95% CI (0.558-1.562) P = 0.793). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that smoking, vitamin D deficiency, family history of MS, and migraine are probable risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, engaging in outdoor activities and maintaining a healthy diet—for females in particular—is highly recommended. Hindawi 2021-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8189778/ /pubmed/34123428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8147451 Text en Copyright © 2021 Maher Taan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Taan, Maher
Al Ahmad, Farah
Ercksousi, Mohammad Karim
Hamza, Ghassan
Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria
title Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria
title_full Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria
title_fullStr Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria
title_short Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria
title_sort risk factors associated with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study in damascus, syria
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8189778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34123428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8147451
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