Endovascular Revascularization with Stent Implantation in Patients with Acute Mesenteric Ischemia due to Acute Arterial Thrombosis: Clinical Outcome and Predictive Factors

PURPOSE: To determine 30-day-mortality rates and identify predictors for survival in patients undergoing endovascular revascularization for acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) due to occlusion of the celiac (CA) or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from arterial thrombosis in the setting of atherosclerosis at the vessel origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis on patients who underwent acute endovascular revascularization to treat AMI caused by thrombotic occlusion of the CA and/or SMA between January 2011 and December 2019 was conducted. 30-day-mortality rates were calculated. Univariate binomial logistic regression analyses (p < 0.05) were performed to assess whether the following factors were associated with 30-day mortality: sex, age, history of smoking, history of abdominal angina, signs of bowel necrosis on pre-interventional CT, one- vs. two-vessel disease, patency of the inferior mesenteric artery, outpatient or inpatient occurrence of ischemia, onset of AMI during ITU stay, elevated pre-interventional serum lactate levels, total leukocyte count, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. RESULTS: 40 patients were included in this analysis. 30-day-mortality rate was 25/40 (62.5%). Median overall survival of patients who survived the first 30 days was 36 ± 18 months. None of the analyzed factors was statistically significantly associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: Although mortality of patients with AMI due to acute arterial thrombosis remains high, almost 40% of patient who underwent emergent endovascular revascularization survived longer than one month. Since no predictors for the outcome in these patients were identified, all patients with AMI should be offered an immediate revascularization effort.