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Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2
INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout China and worldwide. Little is known about the dynamic changes in the patient immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how different responses ar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Healthcare
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8190524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34110618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00458-y |
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author | Zheng, Fang Chen, Ruochan Yao, Run Huang, Yaxiong Tan, Xin Liu, Jiyang Li, Ning Xie, Yuanlin |
author_facet | Zheng, Fang Chen, Ruochan Yao, Run Huang, Yaxiong Tan, Xin Liu, Jiyang Li, Ning Xie, Yuanlin |
author_sort | Zheng, Fang |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout China and worldwide. Little is known about the dynamic changes in the patient immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how different responses are correlated with disease severity and outcomes. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this prospective research. The demographic information, medical history, symptoms, signs and laboratory results were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe patients. The leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines were longitudinally collected. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients included, 17 suffered from severe disease. The severe patients tended be older (65.29 ± 12.33 years vs. 45.37 ± 18.66 years) and had a greater degree of underlying disease (41.18% vs. 24.56%), lower baseline lymphocyte counts [0.64 (0.46–0.95) × 10(9) vs. 1.27 (0.95–1.70) × 10(9)], higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratios [NLRs; 3.76 (3.15–5.51) vs. 2.07 (1.48–2.93)] and lower baseline eosinophil counts [0 (0–0.01) × 10(9) vs. 0.03 (0.01–0.06) × 10(9)] than those in non-severe patients. The baseline helper T (Th) cells (335.47 vs. 666.46/μl), suppressor T(Ts) cells (158 vs. 334/μl), B cells (95 vs. 210/μl) and natural killer (NK) cells (52 vs. 122/μl) were significantly decreased in severe cases compared to that in non-severe cases. In addition, the baseline neutrophils were positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19, and the baseline lymphocytes were negatively correlated with the severity of COVID-19. The dynamic change of T cells, Th cells and IFN-γ in the severe cases were parallel to the amelioration of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study provides novel information on the kinetics of the immune responses in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with different disease severities. Furthermore, our study indicates that both innate and adaptive immune responses correlate with better clinical outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8190524 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Healthcare |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81905242021-06-10 Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Zheng, Fang Chen, Ruochan Yao, Run Huang, Yaxiong Tan, Xin Liu, Jiyang Li, Ning Xie, Yuanlin Infect Dis Ther Original Research INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout China and worldwide. Little is known about the dynamic changes in the patient immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how different responses are correlated with disease severity and outcomes. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this prospective research. The demographic information, medical history, symptoms, signs and laboratory results were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe patients. The leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines were longitudinally collected. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients included, 17 suffered from severe disease. The severe patients tended be older (65.29 ± 12.33 years vs. 45.37 ± 18.66 years) and had a greater degree of underlying disease (41.18% vs. 24.56%), lower baseline lymphocyte counts [0.64 (0.46–0.95) × 10(9) vs. 1.27 (0.95–1.70) × 10(9)], higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratios [NLRs; 3.76 (3.15–5.51) vs. 2.07 (1.48–2.93)] and lower baseline eosinophil counts [0 (0–0.01) × 10(9) vs. 0.03 (0.01–0.06) × 10(9)] than those in non-severe patients. The baseline helper T (Th) cells (335.47 vs. 666.46/μl), suppressor T(Ts) cells (158 vs. 334/μl), B cells (95 vs. 210/μl) and natural killer (NK) cells (52 vs. 122/μl) were significantly decreased in severe cases compared to that in non-severe cases. In addition, the baseline neutrophils were positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19, and the baseline lymphocytes were negatively correlated with the severity of COVID-19. The dynamic change of T cells, Th cells and IFN-γ in the severe cases were parallel to the amelioration of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study provides novel information on the kinetics of the immune responses in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with different disease severities. Furthermore, our study indicates that both innate and adaptive immune responses correlate with better clinical outcomes. Springer Healthcare 2021-06-10 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8190524/ /pubmed/34110618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00458-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Research Zheng, Fang Chen, Ruochan Yao, Run Huang, Yaxiong Tan, Xin Liu, Jiyang Li, Ning Xie, Yuanlin Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
title | Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full | Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
title_fullStr | Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
title_short | Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
title_sort | dynamic changes in the immune response correlate with disease severity and outcomes during infection with sars-cov-2 |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8190524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34110618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00458-y |
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