Comparative efficacy of supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach of subclavian vein cannulation under ultrasound guidance: A randomised clinical trial

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Subclavian vein (SCV) cannulation can be performed using either supraclavicular (SC) or infraclavicular (IC) long-axis approach under ultrasound guidance (USG). However, their relative efficacy remains debatable. The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in terms of safety, ease, success rate, and record the incidence of complications. METHODS: We studied 90 adult patients distributed into two groups of 45 each. Data regarding the time taken for first venous puncture, the time required for inserting the catheter, the total number of attempts, the incidence of guidewire misplacement, and other mechanical complications were compared using Student's t-test for quantitative data and Chi-square test for qualitative value. RESULTS: Mean puncture time was significantly lesser in group SC than IC (P-value < 0.001). Mean catheter insertion time taken was also significantly less in group SC than IC (P-value = 0.003). The first attempt rate was higher in group SC than IC (P = 0.013). Guidewire misplacement was seen in the IC group, P = 0.001. No pneumothorax, haemothorax, or arterial puncture were noted in our study in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that for right-sided SCV cannulation using USG in the long axis, the SC approach is superior to the IC approach in terms of overall ease of cannulation. It was associated with a relatively shorter procedure time, higher success rate in the first attempt, lesser incidence of guidewire misplacement, and other complications. It should be considered as an alternative approach to the IC approach in patients requiring central line insertion.