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Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion

The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropha...

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Autores principales: Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick, Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley, Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa, Amoo, Samuel Olufemi, Ige, Fehintola Anthonia, James, Ayorinde Babatunde, Okoli, Leona Chika, Ahmed, Abul-Rahman, Ponmak, Jamda, Sokei, Judith O., Akanmu, Sulaimon, Salako, Babatunde Lawal, Audu, Rosemary Ajuma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8191972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34111179
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252611
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author Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick
Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley
Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa
Amoo, Samuel Olufemi
Ige, Fehintola Anthonia
James, Ayorinde Babatunde
Okoli, Leona Chika
Ahmed, Abul-Rahman
Ponmak, Jamda
Sokei, Judith O.
Akanmu, Sulaimon
Salako, Babatunde Lawal
Audu, Rosemary Ajuma
author_facet Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick
Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley
Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa
Amoo, Samuel Olufemi
Ige, Fehintola Anthonia
James, Ayorinde Babatunde
Okoli, Leona Chika
Ahmed, Abul-Rahman
Ponmak, Jamda
Sokei, Judith O.
Akanmu, Sulaimon
Salako, Babatunde Lawal
Audu, Rosemary Ajuma
author_sort Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick
collection PubMed
description The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropharyngeal-, nasopharyngeal-, anal-swabs, sputum and blood plasma. However, oral and nasal swabs are more commonly used. This study, therefore, assessed sensitivity and specificity of plasma as a diagnostic in comparison with a combination of oral and nasal swab samples, and the implications for blood transfusion. Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were obtained from 125 individuals suspected to have COVID-19 and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) tubes. Ten millilitres of blood samples in EDTA were also obtained by venepuncture and spun to obtain plasma. Viral RNA was obtained from both swabs and plasma by manual extraction with Qiagen QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Detection was done using a real time fluorescent RT-qPCR BGI kit, on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR instrument. Average age of study participants was 41 years, with 74 (59.2%) being male. Out of the 125 individuals tested for COVID-19, 75 (60%) were positive by OP/NP swab. However, only 6 (4.8%) had a positive plasma result for COVID-19 with median Ct value of 32.4. Sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test using plasma was 8% and 100% respectively. There was no false positive recorded, but 69 (55.2%) false negatives were obtained by plasma. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected, albeit low (4.8%) in plasma. Plasma is likely not a suitable biological sample to diagnose acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The implication of transfusing blood in this era of COVID-19 needs further investigations.
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spelling pubmed-81919722021-06-10 Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa Amoo, Samuel Olufemi Ige, Fehintola Anthonia James, Ayorinde Babatunde Okoli, Leona Chika Ahmed, Abul-Rahman Ponmak, Jamda Sokei, Judith O. Akanmu, Sulaimon Salako, Babatunde Lawal Audu, Rosemary Ajuma PLoS One Research Article The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropharyngeal-, nasopharyngeal-, anal-swabs, sputum and blood plasma. However, oral and nasal swabs are more commonly used. This study, therefore, assessed sensitivity and specificity of plasma as a diagnostic in comparison with a combination of oral and nasal swab samples, and the implications for blood transfusion. Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were obtained from 125 individuals suspected to have COVID-19 and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) tubes. Ten millilitres of blood samples in EDTA were also obtained by venepuncture and spun to obtain plasma. Viral RNA was obtained from both swabs and plasma by manual extraction with Qiagen QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Detection was done using a real time fluorescent RT-qPCR BGI kit, on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR instrument. Average age of study participants was 41 years, with 74 (59.2%) being male. Out of the 125 individuals tested for COVID-19, 75 (60%) were positive by OP/NP swab. However, only 6 (4.8%) had a positive plasma result for COVID-19 with median Ct value of 32.4. Sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test using plasma was 8% and 100% respectively. There was no false positive recorded, but 69 (55.2%) false negatives were obtained by plasma. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected, albeit low (4.8%) in plasma. Plasma is likely not a suitable biological sample to diagnose acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The implication of transfusing blood in this era of COVID-19 needs further investigations. Public Library of Science 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8191972/ /pubmed/34111179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252611 Text en © 2021 Okwuraiwe et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick
Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley
Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa
Amoo, Samuel Olufemi
Ige, Fehintola Anthonia
James, Ayorinde Babatunde
Okoli, Leona Chika
Ahmed, Abul-Rahman
Ponmak, Jamda
Sokei, Judith O.
Akanmu, Sulaimon
Salako, Babatunde Lawal
Audu, Rosemary Ajuma
Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
title Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
title_full Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
title_fullStr Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
title_full_unstemmed Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
title_short Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
title_sort low level sars-cov-2 rna detected in plasma samples from a cohort of nigerians: implications for blood transfusion
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8191972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34111179
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252611
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