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Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropha...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8191972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34111179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252611 |
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author | Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa Amoo, Samuel Olufemi Ige, Fehintola Anthonia James, Ayorinde Babatunde Okoli, Leona Chika Ahmed, Abul-Rahman Ponmak, Jamda Sokei, Judith O. Akanmu, Sulaimon Salako, Babatunde Lawal Audu, Rosemary Ajuma |
author_facet | Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa Amoo, Samuel Olufemi Ige, Fehintola Anthonia James, Ayorinde Babatunde Okoli, Leona Chika Ahmed, Abul-Rahman Ponmak, Jamda Sokei, Judith O. Akanmu, Sulaimon Salako, Babatunde Lawal Audu, Rosemary Ajuma |
author_sort | Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropharyngeal-, nasopharyngeal-, anal-swabs, sputum and blood plasma. However, oral and nasal swabs are more commonly used. This study, therefore, assessed sensitivity and specificity of plasma as a diagnostic in comparison with a combination of oral and nasal swab samples, and the implications for blood transfusion. Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were obtained from 125 individuals suspected to have COVID-19 and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) tubes. Ten millilitres of blood samples in EDTA were also obtained by venepuncture and spun to obtain plasma. Viral RNA was obtained from both swabs and plasma by manual extraction with Qiagen QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Detection was done using a real time fluorescent RT-qPCR BGI kit, on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR instrument. Average age of study participants was 41 years, with 74 (59.2%) being male. Out of the 125 individuals tested for COVID-19, 75 (60%) were positive by OP/NP swab. However, only 6 (4.8%) had a positive plasma result for COVID-19 with median Ct value of 32.4. Sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test using plasma was 8% and 100% respectively. There was no false positive recorded, but 69 (55.2%) false negatives were obtained by plasma. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected, albeit low (4.8%) in plasma. Plasma is likely not a suitable biological sample to diagnose acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The implication of transfusing blood in this era of COVID-19 needs further investigations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8191972 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81919722021-06-10 Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa Amoo, Samuel Olufemi Ige, Fehintola Anthonia James, Ayorinde Babatunde Okoli, Leona Chika Ahmed, Abul-Rahman Ponmak, Jamda Sokei, Judith O. Akanmu, Sulaimon Salako, Babatunde Lawal Audu, Rosemary Ajuma PLoS One Research Article The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropharyngeal-, nasopharyngeal-, anal-swabs, sputum and blood plasma. However, oral and nasal swabs are more commonly used. This study, therefore, assessed sensitivity and specificity of plasma as a diagnostic in comparison with a combination of oral and nasal swab samples, and the implications for blood transfusion. Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were obtained from 125 individuals suspected to have COVID-19 and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) tubes. Ten millilitres of blood samples in EDTA were also obtained by venepuncture and spun to obtain plasma. Viral RNA was obtained from both swabs and plasma by manual extraction with Qiagen QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Detection was done using a real time fluorescent RT-qPCR BGI kit, on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR instrument. Average age of study participants was 41 years, with 74 (59.2%) being male. Out of the 125 individuals tested for COVID-19, 75 (60%) were positive by OP/NP swab. However, only 6 (4.8%) had a positive plasma result for COVID-19 with median Ct value of 32.4. Sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test using plasma was 8% and 100% respectively. There was no false positive recorded, but 69 (55.2%) false negatives were obtained by plasma. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected, albeit low (4.8%) in plasma. Plasma is likely not a suitable biological sample to diagnose acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The implication of transfusing blood in this era of COVID-19 needs further investigations. Public Library of Science 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8191972/ /pubmed/34111179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252611 Text en © 2021 Okwuraiwe et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley Shaibu, Joseph Ojonugwa Amoo, Samuel Olufemi Ige, Fehintola Anthonia James, Ayorinde Babatunde Okoli, Leona Chika Ahmed, Abul-Rahman Ponmak, Jamda Sokei, Judith O. Akanmu, Sulaimon Salako, Babatunde Lawal Audu, Rosemary Ajuma Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion |
title | Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion |
title_full | Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion |
title_fullStr | Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion |
title_full_unstemmed | Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion |
title_short | Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion |
title_sort | low level sars-cov-2 rna detected in plasma samples from a cohort of nigerians: implications for blood transfusion |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8191972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34111179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252611 |
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