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Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs
Spirulina refers to two species of blue green algae (Arthrospira platensis, and A. maxima) consumed by humans as food for centuries. While, Spirulina has been shown to have immune enhancing properties in several animal and human studies, there are no systematic studies in dogs. The aim of this study...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8192834/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34124121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.667072 |
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author | Satyaraj, Ebenezer Reynolds, Arleigh Engler, Robyn Labuda, Jeff Sun, Peichuan |
author_facet | Satyaraj, Ebenezer Reynolds, Arleigh Engler, Robyn Labuda, Jeff Sun, Peichuan |
author_sort | Satyaraj, Ebenezer |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spirulina refers to two species of blue green algae (Arthrospira platensis, and A. maxima) consumed by humans as food for centuries. While, Spirulina has been shown to have immune enhancing properties in several animal and human studies, there are no systematic studies in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina in dogs. The study was conducted in two phases: Pre-test (8 wks.) and Test (42 wks.). Thirty adult dogs (mean 2.9 yrs.) were randomized into two groups and fed a nutritionally complete diet in the “Pre-test” phase. At the end of “Pre-test” phase all dogs received a rabies vaccine, and dogs in “test group” were switched to diet supplemented with dried Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). Response to rabies vaccine was evaluated by Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Gut immune response was assessed by measuring fecal IgA. Gut microbiota was evaluated by Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) methodology. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences between groups and statistical significance considered to be p < 0.05. Dogs fed diets supplemented with Spirulina demonstrated enhanced immune status by showing significantly higher vaccine response and higher levels of fecal IgA as compared to the control group. Supplementing diets with Spirulina also resulted in significantly increased gut microbiota stability in the test group. In conclusion, diets supplemented with Spirulina significantly enhanced immune response and gut health in dogs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8192834 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81928342021-06-12 Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs Satyaraj, Ebenezer Reynolds, Arleigh Engler, Robyn Labuda, Jeff Sun, Peichuan Front Nutr Nutrition Spirulina refers to two species of blue green algae (Arthrospira platensis, and A. maxima) consumed by humans as food for centuries. While, Spirulina has been shown to have immune enhancing properties in several animal and human studies, there are no systematic studies in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina in dogs. The study was conducted in two phases: Pre-test (8 wks.) and Test (42 wks.). Thirty adult dogs (mean 2.9 yrs.) were randomized into two groups and fed a nutritionally complete diet in the “Pre-test” phase. At the end of “Pre-test” phase all dogs received a rabies vaccine, and dogs in “test group” were switched to diet supplemented with dried Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). Response to rabies vaccine was evaluated by Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Gut immune response was assessed by measuring fecal IgA. Gut microbiota was evaluated by Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) methodology. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences between groups and statistical significance considered to be p < 0.05. Dogs fed diets supplemented with Spirulina demonstrated enhanced immune status by showing significantly higher vaccine response and higher levels of fecal IgA as compared to the control group. Supplementing diets with Spirulina also resulted in significantly increased gut microbiota stability in the test group. In conclusion, diets supplemented with Spirulina significantly enhanced immune response and gut health in dogs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8192834/ /pubmed/34124121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.667072 Text en Copyright © 2021 Satyaraj, Reynolds, Engler, Labuda and Sun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Satyaraj, Ebenezer Reynolds, Arleigh Engler, Robyn Labuda, Jeff Sun, Peichuan Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs |
title | Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs |
title_full | Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs |
title_fullStr | Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs |
title_short | Supplementation of Diets With Spirulina Influences Immune and Gut Function in Dogs |
title_sort | supplementation of diets with spirulina influences immune and gut function in dogs |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8192834/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34124121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.667072 |
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