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Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event

Coral reefs are complex ecosystems composed of many interacting species. One ecologically important group consists of zoantharians, which are closely related to reef-building corals. Like corals, zoantharians form mutualistic symbioses with dinoflagellate micro-algae (family Symbiodiniaceae), but th...

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Autores principales: Fujiwara, Yu, Kawamura, Iori, Reimer, James Davis, Parkinson, John Everett
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8193574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34122387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674026
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author Fujiwara, Yu
Kawamura, Iori
Reimer, James Davis
Parkinson, John Everett
author_facet Fujiwara, Yu
Kawamura, Iori
Reimer, James Davis
Parkinson, John Everett
author_sort Fujiwara, Yu
collection PubMed
description Coral reefs are complex ecosystems composed of many interacting species. One ecologically important group consists of zoantharians, which are closely related to reef-building corals. Like corals, zoantharians form mutualistic symbioses with dinoflagellate micro-algae (family Symbiodiniaceae), but their associations remain underexplored. To examine the degree to which zoantharians exhibit altered symbiont dynamics under changing environmental conditions, we reciprocally transplanted colonies of Zoanthus sansibaricus between intertidal (2 m) and subtidal (26 m) depths within a reef in Okinawa, Japan. At this location, Z. sansibaricus can associate with three Symbiodiniaceae species from two genera distributed along a light and depth gradient. We developed species-specific molecular assays and sampled colonies pre‐ and post-transplantation to analyze symbiont community diversity. Despite large environmental differences across depths, we detected few symbiont compositional changes resulting from transplantation stress. Colonies sourced from the intertidal zone associated with mixtures of a “shallow” Symbiodinium sp. and a “shallow” Cladocopium sp. independent of whether they were transplanted to shallow or deep waters. Colonies sourced from the subtidal zone were dominated by a “deep” Cladocopium sp. regardless of transplant depth. Subtidal colonies brought to shallow depths did not transition to the presumably high-light adapted shallow symbionts present in the new environment, but rather bleached and died. These patterns mirror observations of highly stable coral-algal associations subjected to depth transplantation. Our results indicate that Zoanthus-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses remain stable despite stress, suggesting these important reef community members have relatively low capacity to shuffle to more stress-tolerant micro-algae in response to ongoing climate change.
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spelling pubmed-81935742021-06-12 Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event Fujiwara, Yu Kawamura, Iori Reimer, James Davis Parkinson, John Everett Front Microbiol Microbiology Coral reefs are complex ecosystems composed of many interacting species. One ecologically important group consists of zoantharians, which are closely related to reef-building corals. Like corals, zoantharians form mutualistic symbioses with dinoflagellate micro-algae (family Symbiodiniaceae), but their associations remain underexplored. To examine the degree to which zoantharians exhibit altered symbiont dynamics under changing environmental conditions, we reciprocally transplanted colonies of Zoanthus sansibaricus between intertidal (2 m) and subtidal (26 m) depths within a reef in Okinawa, Japan. At this location, Z. sansibaricus can associate with three Symbiodiniaceae species from two genera distributed along a light and depth gradient. We developed species-specific molecular assays and sampled colonies pre‐ and post-transplantation to analyze symbiont community diversity. Despite large environmental differences across depths, we detected few symbiont compositional changes resulting from transplantation stress. Colonies sourced from the intertidal zone associated with mixtures of a “shallow” Symbiodinium sp. and a “shallow” Cladocopium sp. independent of whether they were transplanted to shallow or deep waters. Colonies sourced from the subtidal zone were dominated by a “deep” Cladocopium sp. regardless of transplant depth. Subtidal colonies brought to shallow depths did not transition to the presumably high-light adapted shallow symbionts present in the new environment, but rather bleached and died. These patterns mirror observations of highly stable coral-algal associations subjected to depth transplantation. Our results indicate that Zoanthus-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses remain stable despite stress, suggesting these important reef community members have relatively low capacity to shuffle to more stress-tolerant micro-algae in response to ongoing climate change. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8193574/ /pubmed/34122387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674026 Text en Copyright © 2021 Fujiwara, Kawamura, Reimer and Parkinson. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Fujiwara, Yu
Kawamura, Iori
Reimer, James Davis
Parkinson, John Everett
Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event
title Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event
title_full Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event
title_fullStr Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event
title_full_unstemmed Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event
title_short Zoantharian Endosymbiont Community Dynamics During a Stress Event
title_sort zoantharian endosymbiont community dynamics during a stress event
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8193574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34122387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674026
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