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Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States
BACKGROUND: Understanding current levels, as well as past and future trends, of the percentage of infants born at low birthweight (LBW) in the United States is imperative to improving the health of our nation. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine recent trends in percentage of LBW, b...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8193881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34112114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11185-x |
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author | Pollock, Elizabeth A. Gennuso, Keith P. Givens, Marjory L. Kindig, David |
author_facet | Pollock, Elizabeth A. Gennuso, Keith P. Givens, Marjory L. Kindig, David |
author_sort | Pollock, Elizabeth A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Understanding current levels, as well as past and future trends, of the percentage of infants born at low birthweight (LBW) in the United States is imperative to improving the health of our nation. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine recent trends in percentage of LBW, both overall and by maternal race and education subgroups. Studying disparities in percentage of LBW by these subgroups can help to further understand the health needs of the population and can inform policies that can close race and class disparities in poor birth outcomes. METHODS: Trends of percentage of LBW in the U.S. from 2003 to 2018, both overall and by race/ethnicity, and from 2007 to 2018 by education and race by education subgroups were analyzed using CDC WONDER Natality data. Disparities were analyzed using between group variance methods. RESULTS: Percentage of LBW experienced a significant worsening in the most recent 5 years of data, negating nearly a decade of prior improvement. Stark differences were observed by race/ethnicity and by education, with all subgroups experiencing increasing rates in recent years. Disparities also worsened over the course of study. Most notably, all disparities increased significantly from 2014 to 2018, with annual changes near 2–5%. CONCLUSIONS: Recent reversals in progress in percentage of LBW, as well as increasing disparities particularly by race, are troubling. Future study is needed to continue monitoring these trends and analyzing these issues at additional levels. Targets must be set and solutions must be tailored to population subgroups to effectively make progress towards equitable birth outcomes and maternal health. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11185-x. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8193881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81938812021-06-15 Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States Pollock, Elizabeth A. Gennuso, Keith P. Givens, Marjory L. Kindig, David BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Understanding current levels, as well as past and future trends, of the percentage of infants born at low birthweight (LBW) in the United States is imperative to improving the health of our nation. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine recent trends in percentage of LBW, both overall and by maternal race and education subgroups. Studying disparities in percentage of LBW by these subgroups can help to further understand the health needs of the population and can inform policies that can close race and class disparities in poor birth outcomes. METHODS: Trends of percentage of LBW in the U.S. from 2003 to 2018, both overall and by race/ethnicity, and from 2007 to 2018 by education and race by education subgroups were analyzed using CDC WONDER Natality data. Disparities were analyzed using between group variance methods. RESULTS: Percentage of LBW experienced a significant worsening in the most recent 5 years of data, negating nearly a decade of prior improvement. Stark differences were observed by race/ethnicity and by education, with all subgroups experiencing increasing rates in recent years. Disparities also worsened over the course of study. Most notably, all disparities increased significantly from 2014 to 2018, with annual changes near 2–5%. CONCLUSIONS: Recent reversals in progress in percentage of LBW, as well as increasing disparities particularly by race, are troubling. Future study is needed to continue monitoring these trends and analyzing these issues at additional levels. Targets must be set and solutions must be tailored to population subgroups to effectively make progress towards equitable birth outcomes and maternal health. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11185-x. BioMed Central 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8193881/ /pubmed/34112114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11185-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pollock, Elizabeth A. Gennuso, Keith P. Givens, Marjory L. Kindig, David Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States |
title | Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States |
title_full | Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States |
title_fullStr | Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States |
title_short | Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States |
title_sort | trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the united states |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8193881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34112114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11185-x |
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