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Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds
Flight in birds evolved through patterning of the wings from forelimbs and transition from alternating gait to synchronous flapping. In mammals, the spinal midline guidance molecule ephrin-B3 instructs the wiring that enables limb alternation, and its deletion leads to synchronous hopping gait. Here...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8195482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34117069 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg5968 |
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author | Haimson, Baruch Meir, Oren Sudakevitz-Merzbach, Reut Elberg, Gerard Friedrich, Samantha Lovell, Peter V. Paixão, Sónia Klein, Rüdiger Mello, Claudio V. Klar, Avihu |
author_facet | Haimson, Baruch Meir, Oren Sudakevitz-Merzbach, Reut Elberg, Gerard Friedrich, Samantha Lovell, Peter V. Paixão, Sónia Klein, Rüdiger Mello, Claudio V. Klar, Avihu |
author_sort | Haimson, Baruch |
collection | PubMed |
description | Flight in birds evolved through patterning of the wings from forelimbs and transition from alternating gait to synchronous flapping. In mammals, the spinal midline guidance molecule ephrin-B3 instructs the wiring that enables limb alternation, and its deletion leads to synchronous hopping gait. Here, we show that the ephrin-B3 protein in birds lacks several motifs present in other vertebrates, diminishing its affinity for the EphA4 receptor. The avian ephrin-B3 gene lacks an enhancer that drives midline expression and is missing in galliforms. The morphology and wiring at brachial levels of the chicken embryonic spinal cord resemble those of ephrin-B3 null mice. Dorsal midline decussation, evident in the mutant mouse, is apparent at the chick brachial level and is prevented by expression of exogenous ephrin-B3 at the roof plate. Our findings support a role for loss of ephrin-B3 function in shaping the avian brachial spinal cord circuitry and facilitating synchronous wing flapping. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8195482 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81954822021-06-24 Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds Haimson, Baruch Meir, Oren Sudakevitz-Merzbach, Reut Elberg, Gerard Friedrich, Samantha Lovell, Peter V. Paixão, Sónia Klein, Rüdiger Mello, Claudio V. Klar, Avihu Sci Adv Research Articles Flight in birds evolved through patterning of the wings from forelimbs and transition from alternating gait to synchronous flapping. In mammals, the spinal midline guidance molecule ephrin-B3 instructs the wiring that enables limb alternation, and its deletion leads to synchronous hopping gait. Here, we show that the ephrin-B3 protein in birds lacks several motifs present in other vertebrates, diminishing its affinity for the EphA4 receptor. The avian ephrin-B3 gene lacks an enhancer that drives midline expression and is missing in galliforms. The morphology and wiring at brachial levels of the chicken embryonic spinal cord resemble those of ephrin-B3 null mice. Dorsal midline decussation, evident in the mutant mouse, is apparent at the chick brachial level and is prevented by expression of exogenous ephrin-B3 at the roof plate. Our findings support a role for loss of ephrin-B3 function in shaping the avian brachial spinal cord circuitry and facilitating synchronous wing flapping. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2021-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8195482/ /pubmed/34117069 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg5968 Text en Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Haimson, Baruch Meir, Oren Sudakevitz-Merzbach, Reut Elberg, Gerard Friedrich, Samantha Lovell, Peter V. Paixão, Sónia Klein, Rüdiger Mello, Claudio V. Klar, Avihu Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
title | Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
title_full | Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
title_fullStr | Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
title_full_unstemmed | Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
title_short | Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
title_sort | natural loss of function of ephrin-b3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8195482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34117069 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg5968 |
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