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Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review

In recent years, many researchers have begun to shift their focus onto the synthesis of nanomaterials as this field possesses an immense potential that may provide incredible technological advances in the near future. The downside of conventional synthesis techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol-g...

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Autores principales: Drummer, Sean, Madzimbamuto, Tafirenyika, Chowdhury, Mahabubur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063800
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112700
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author Drummer, Sean
Madzimbamuto, Tafirenyika
Chowdhury, Mahabubur
author_facet Drummer, Sean
Madzimbamuto, Tafirenyika
Chowdhury, Mahabubur
author_sort Drummer, Sean
collection PubMed
description In recent years, many researchers have begun to shift their focus onto the synthesis of nanomaterials as this field possesses an immense potential that may provide incredible technological advances in the near future. The downside of conventional synthesis techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, is that they necessitate toxic chemicals, produce harmful by-products and require a considerable amount of energy; therefore, more sustainable fabrication routes are sought-after. Biological molecules have been previously utilized as precursors for nanoparticle synthesis, thus eliminating the negative factors involved in traditional methods. In addition, transition-metal nanoparticles possess a broad scope of applications due to their multiple oxidation states and large surface areas, thereby allowing for a higher reactivity when compared to their bulk counterpart and rendering them an interesting research topic. However, this field is still relatively unknown and unpredictable as the biosynthesis of these nanostructures from fungi, bacteria and plants yield undesired diameters and morphologies, rendering them redundant compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts. Therefore, this review aims to obtain a better understanding on the plant-mediated synthesis process of the major transition-metal and transition-metal oxide nanoparticles, and how process parameters—concentration, temperature, contact time, pH level, and calcination temperature affect their unique properties such as particle size, morphologies, and crystallinity.
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spelling pubmed-81965542021-06-13 Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review Drummer, Sean Madzimbamuto, Tafirenyika Chowdhury, Mahabubur Materials (Basel) Review In recent years, many researchers have begun to shift their focus onto the synthesis of nanomaterials as this field possesses an immense potential that may provide incredible technological advances in the near future. The downside of conventional synthesis techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, is that they necessitate toxic chemicals, produce harmful by-products and require a considerable amount of energy; therefore, more sustainable fabrication routes are sought-after. Biological molecules have been previously utilized as precursors for nanoparticle synthesis, thus eliminating the negative factors involved in traditional methods. In addition, transition-metal nanoparticles possess a broad scope of applications due to their multiple oxidation states and large surface areas, thereby allowing for a higher reactivity when compared to their bulk counterpart and rendering them an interesting research topic. However, this field is still relatively unknown and unpredictable as the biosynthesis of these nanostructures from fungi, bacteria and plants yield undesired diameters and morphologies, rendering them redundant compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts. Therefore, this review aims to obtain a better understanding on the plant-mediated synthesis process of the major transition-metal and transition-metal oxide nanoparticles, and how process parameters—concentration, temperature, contact time, pH level, and calcination temperature affect their unique properties such as particle size, morphologies, and crystallinity. MDPI 2021-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8196554/ /pubmed/34063800 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112700 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Drummer, Sean
Madzimbamuto, Tafirenyika
Chowdhury, Mahabubur
Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review
title Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review
title_full Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review
title_fullStr Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review
title_short Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review
title_sort green synthesis of transition-metal nanoparticles and their oxides: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063800
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112700
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