Q (Dtbn1), an F‐box gene affecting maize tassel branch number by a dominant model

Tassel branch number (TBN) is one of the important agronomic traits that directly contribute to grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.), and identification of genes precisely regulating TBN in the parental lines is important for maize hybrid breeding. In this study, a quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN), Q(Dtbn1), related to tassel branch number was identified using a testcrossing association mapping population through association mapping with the Indels/SNPs in the 5′‐UTR (untranslated region) of Zm00001d053358, which encodes a Kelch repeat‐containing F‐box protein. Q(Dtbn1) was further confirmed to be associated with TBN by a dominant model using an F(2) population, and over‐expressing of the candidate gene resulted in a decreasing of TBN, implying that Q(Dtbn1) was governed by the candidate gene with a negative model. This makes Q(Dtbn1) very useful in maize hybrid breeding. Q(Dtbn1) could interact with a maize Skp1‐like protein and a SnRK1 protein, and the SnRK1 could also interact with a SnRK2.8 protein. In addition, quantitative real‐time PCR assay showed that five substrates of SnRK2 were down‐regulated in the over‐expressed plants. These imply that the SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F‐box protein/Roc1) complex and ABA signal pathway might be involved in the modulation of TBN in maize.