Reflectance Estimation from Multispectral Linescan Acquisitions under Varying Illumination—Application to Outdoor Weed Identification †

To reduce the amount of herbicides used to eradicate weeds and ensure crop yields, precision spraying can effectively detect and locate weeds in the field thanks to imaging systems. Because weeds are visually similar to crops, color information is not sufficient for effectively detecting them. Multispectral cameras provide radiance images with a high spectral resolution, thus the ability to investigate vegetated surfaces in several narrow spectral bands. Spectral reflectance has to be estimated in order to make weed detection robust against illumination variation. However, this is a challenge when the image is assembled from successive frames that are acquired under varying illumination conditions. In this study, we present an original image formation model that considers illumination variation during radiance image acquisition with a linescan camera. From this model, we deduce a new reflectance estimation method that takes illumination at the frame level into account. We experimentally show that our method is more robust against illumination variation than state-of-the-art methods. We also show that the reflectance features based on our method are more discriminant for outdoor weed detection and identification.