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Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples
This work entailed the development, optimization, validation, and application of a novel analytical approach, using the bar adsorptive microextraction technique (BAμE), for the determination of the six most common tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs; amitriptyline, mianserin, trimipramine, imipramine, m...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113101 |
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author | Oliveira, Mariana N. Gonçalves, Oriana C. Ahmad, Samir M. Schneider, Jaderson K. Krause, Laiza C. Neng, Nuno R. Caramão, Elina B. Nogueira, José M. F. |
author_facet | Oliveira, Mariana N. Gonçalves, Oriana C. Ahmad, Samir M. Schneider, Jaderson K. Krause, Laiza C. Neng, Nuno R. Caramão, Elina B. Nogueira, José M. F. |
author_sort | Oliveira, Mariana N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This work entailed the development, optimization, validation, and application of a novel analytical approach, using the bar adsorptive microextraction technique (BAμE), for the determination of the six most common tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs; amitriptyline, mianserin, trimipramine, imipramine, mirtazapine and dosulepin) in urine matrices. To achieve this goal, we employed, for the first time, new generation microextraction devices coated with convenient sorbent phases, polymers and novel activated carbons prepared from biomaterial waste, in combination with large-volume-injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in selected-ion monitoring mode (LVI-GC-MS(SIM)). Preliminary assays on sorbent coatings, showed that the polymeric phases present a much more effective performance, as the tested biosorbents exhibited low efficiency for application in microextraction techniques. By using BAμE coated with C(18) polymer, under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits achieved for the six TCAs ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 μg L(−1) and, weighted linear regressions resulted in remarkable linearity (r(2) > 0.9960) between 10.0 and 1000.0 μg L(−1). The developed analytical methodology (BAμE(C18)/LVI-GC-MS(SIM)) provided suitable matrix effects (90.2–112.9%, RSD ≤ 13.9%), high recovery yields (92.3–111.5%, RSD ≤ 12.3%) and a remarkable overall process efficiency (ranging from 84.9% to 124.3%, RSD ≤ 13.9%). The developed and validated methodology was successfully applied for screening the six TCAs in real urine matrices. The proposed analytical methodology proved to be an eco-user-friendly approach to monitor trace levels of TCAs in complex urine matrices and an outstanding analytical alternative in comparison with other microextraction-based techniques. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8196885 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81968852021-06-13 Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples Oliveira, Mariana N. Gonçalves, Oriana C. Ahmad, Samir M. Schneider, Jaderson K. Krause, Laiza C. Neng, Nuno R. Caramão, Elina B. Nogueira, José M. F. Molecules Article This work entailed the development, optimization, validation, and application of a novel analytical approach, using the bar adsorptive microextraction technique (BAμE), for the determination of the six most common tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs; amitriptyline, mianserin, trimipramine, imipramine, mirtazapine and dosulepin) in urine matrices. To achieve this goal, we employed, for the first time, new generation microextraction devices coated with convenient sorbent phases, polymers and novel activated carbons prepared from biomaterial waste, in combination with large-volume-injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in selected-ion monitoring mode (LVI-GC-MS(SIM)). Preliminary assays on sorbent coatings, showed that the polymeric phases present a much more effective performance, as the tested biosorbents exhibited low efficiency for application in microextraction techniques. By using BAμE coated with C(18) polymer, under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits achieved for the six TCAs ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 μg L(−1) and, weighted linear regressions resulted in remarkable linearity (r(2) > 0.9960) between 10.0 and 1000.0 μg L(−1). The developed analytical methodology (BAμE(C18)/LVI-GC-MS(SIM)) provided suitable matrix effects (90.2–112.9%, RSD ≤ 13.9%), high recovery yields (92.3–111.5%, RSD ≤ 12.3%) and a remarkable overall process efficiency (ranging from 84.9% to 124.3%, RSD ≤ 13.9%). The developed and validated methodology was successfully applied for screening the six TCAs in real urine matrices. The proposed analytical methodology proved to be an eco-user-friendly approach to monitor trace levels of TCAs in complex urine matrices and an outstanding analytical alternative in comparison with other microextraction-based techniques. MDPI 2021-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8196885/ /pubmed/34067333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113101 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Oliveira, Mariana N. Gonçalves, Oriana C. Ahmad, Samir M. Schneider, Jaderson K. Krause, Laiza C. Neng, Nuno R. Caramão, Elina B. Nogueira, José M. F. Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples |
title | Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples |
title_full | Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples |
title_fullStr | Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples |
title_full_unstemmed | Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples |
title_short | Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples |
title_sort | application of bar adsorptive microextraction for the determination of levels of tricyclic antidepressants in urine samples |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113101 |
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