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Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety

In March 2020, the Italian Government imposed mandatory home confinement to limit the spread of COVID-19. Few studies assessed the psychophysical impact of COVID-19 on chronically ill children. This study examined these effects on children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) and their caregivers. Se...

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Autores principales: Di Riso, Daniela, Bertini, Simone, Spaggiari, Silvia, Olivieri, Francesca, Zaffani, Silvana, Comerlati, Lara, Marigliano, Marco, Piona, Claudia, Maffeis, Claudio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196957/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067365
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115549
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author Di Riso, Daniela
Bertini, Simone
Spaggiari, Silvia
Olivieri, Francesca
Zaffani, Silvana
Comerlati, Lara
Marigliano, Marco
Piona, Claudia
Maffeis, Claudio
author_facet Di Riso, Daniela
Bertini, Simone
Spaggiari, Silvia
Olivieri, Francesca
Zaffani, Silvana
Comerlati, Lara
Marigliano, Marco
Piona, Claudia
Maffeis, Claudio
author_sort Di Riso, Daniela
collection PubMed
description In March 2020, the Italian Government imposed mandatory home confinement to limit the spread of COVID-19. Few studies assessed the psychophysical impact of COVID-19 on chronically ill children. This study examined these effects on children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) and their caregivers. Seventy-one patients (7–13 years) with T1D and their caregivers were administered a survey created ad hoc and some standardized questionnaires, assessing psychological well-being and anxiety. Medical data (physical and biochemical characteristics) were recorded before (T(0), January–February) and after (T(1), May–June) the lockdown. Paired Student t-test, Spearman two-tailed correlations, and a linear regression model were used for statistical analysis. Children at T(1) showed higher BMI (body mass index), daily total and basal insulin dose, and time spent in therapeutic range, and they showed lower HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), time spent above the therapeutic range, and standard deviations of the mean glucose values than at T(0). A total of 32.9% scored in the clinical range for separation anxiety. The increase in separation anxiety was predicted by younger age, female gender, more recent T1D diagnosis, less time spent in therapeutic range at T(1), and higher perceived fear of COVID-19 infection. In a pandemic context, separation anxiety may be stronger in younger females, with more recent T1D diagnosis and poor metabolic control, thus affecting the parent’s ability to manage diabetes and to support children’s autonomy.
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spelling pubmed-81969572021-06-13 Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety Di Riso, Daniela Bertini, Simone Spaggiari, Silvia Olivieri, Francesca Zaffani, Silvana Comerlati, Lara Marigliano, Marco Piona, Claudia Maffeis, Claudio Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In March 2020, the Italian Government imposed mandatory home confinement to limit the spread of COVID-19. Few studies assessed the psychophysical impact of COVID-19 on chronically ill children. This study examined these effects on children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) and their caregivers. Seventy-one patients (7–13 years) with T1D and their caregivers were administered a survey created ad hoc and some standardized questionnaires, assessing psychological well-being and anxiety. Medical data (physical and biochemical characteristics) were recorded before (T(0), January–February) and after (T(1), May–June) the lockdown. Paired Student t-test, Spearman two-tailed correlations, and a linear regression model were used for statistical analysis. Children at T(1) showed higher BMI (body mass index), daily total and basal insulin dose, and time spent in therapeutic range, and they showed lower HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), time spent above the therapeutic range, and standard deviations of the mean glucose values than at T(0). A total of 32.9% scored in the clinical range for separation anxiety. The increase in separation anxiety was predicted by younger age, female gender, more recent T1D diagnosis, less time spent in therapeutic range at T(1), and higher perceived fear of COVID-19 infection. In a pandemic context, separation anxiety may be stronger in younger females, with more recent T1D diagnosis and poor metabolic control, thus affecting the parent’s ability to manage diabetes and to support children’s autonomy. MDPI 2021-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8196957/ /pubmed/34067365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115549 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Di Riso, Daniela
Bertini, Simone
Spaggiari, Silvia
Olivieri, Francesca
Zaffani, Silvana
Comerlati, Lara
Marigliano, Marco
Piona, Claudia
Maffeis, Claudio
Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety
title Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety
title_full Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety
title_fullStr Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety
title_full_unstemmed Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety
title_short Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown in Italian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Separation Anxiety
title_sort short-term effects of covid-19 lockdown in italian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: the role of separation anxiety
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196957/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067365
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115549
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