Optimization of Residual Stress Measurement Conditions for a 2D Method Using X-ray Diffraction and Its Application for Stainless Steel Treated by Laser Cavitation Peening

As the fatigue strength of metallic components may be affected by residual stress variation at small length scales, an evaluation method for studying residual stress at sub-mm scale is needed. The sin(2)ψ method using X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a common method to measure residual stress. However, this method has a lower limit on length scale. In the present study, a method using at a 2D XRD detector with ω-oscillation is proposed, and the measured residual stress obtained by the 2D method is compared to results obtained from the sin(2)ψ method and the slitting method. The results show that the 2D method can evaluate residual stress in areas with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less in a stainless steel with average grain size of 7 μm. The 2D method was further applied to assess residual stress in the stainless steel after treatment by laser cavitation peening (LCP). The diameter of the laser spot used for LCP was about 0.5 mm, and the stainless steel was treated with evenly spaced laser spots at 4 pulses/mm(2). The 2D method revealed fluctuations of LCP-induced residual stress at sub-mm scale that are consistent with fluctuations in the height of the peened surface.