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Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism
(1) Background: The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a dual role in liver carcinogenesis. At early stages, it inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. However, TGF-β expression is high in advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cells become resistant to TGF-β induced suppres...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8197297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115543 |
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author | Soukupova, Jitka Malfettone, Andrea Bertran, Esther Hernández-Alvarez, María Isabel Peñuelas-Haro, Irene Dituri, Francesco Giannelli, Gianluigi Zorzano, Antonio Fabregat, Isabel |
author_facet | Soukupova, Jitka Malfettone, Andrea Bertran, Esther Hernández-Alvarez, María Isabel Peñuelas-Haro, Irene Dituri, Francesco Giannelli, Gianluigi Zorzano, Antonio Fabregat, Isabel |
author_sort | Soukupova, Jitka |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a dual role in liver carcinogenesis. At early stages, it inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. However, TGF-β expression is high in advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cells become resistant to TGF-β induced suppressor effects, responding to this cytokine undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell migration and invasion. Metabolic reprogramming has been established as a key hallmark of cancer. However, to consider metabolism as a therapeutic target in HCC, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how reprogramming occurs, which are the factors that regulate it, and how to identify the situation in a patient. Accordingly, in this work we aimed to analyze whether a process of full EMT induced by TGF-β in HCC cells induces metabolic reprogramming. (2) Methods: In vitro analysis in HCC cell lines, metabolomics and transcriptomics. (3) Results: Our findings indicate a differential metabolic switch in response to TGF-β when the HCC cells undergo a full EMT, which would favor lipolysis, increased transport and utilization of free fatty acids (FFA), decreased aerobic glycolysis and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. (4) Conclusions: EMT induced by TGF-β in HCC cells reprograms lipid metabolism to facilitate the utilization of FFA and the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, to sustain the elevated requirements of energy linked to this process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8197297 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81972972021-06-13 Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism Soukupova, Jitka Malfettone, Andrea Bertran, Esther Hernández-Alvarez, María Isabel Peñuelas-Haro, Irene Dituri, Francesco Giannelli, Gianluigi Zorzano, Antonio Fabregat, Isabel Int J Mol Sci Article (1) Background: The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a dual role in liver carcinogenesis. At early stages, it inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. However, TGF-β expression is high in advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cells become resistant to TGF-β induced suppressor effects, responding to this cytokine undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell migration and invasion. Metabolic reprogramming has been established as a key hallmark of cancer. However, to consider metabolism as a therapeutic target in HCC, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how reprogramming occurs, which are the factors that regulate it, and how to identify the situation in a patient. Accordingly, in this work we aimed to analyze whether a process of full EMT induced by TGF-β in HCC cells induces metabolic reprogramming. (2) Methods: In vitro analysis in HCC cell lines, metabolomics and transcriptomics. (3) Results: Our findings indicate a differential metabolic switch in response to TGF-β when the HCC cells undergo a full EMT, which would favor lipolysis, increased transport and utilization of free fatty acids (FFA), decreased aerobic glycolysis and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. (4) Conclusions: EMT induced by TGF-β in HCC cells reprograms lipid metabolism to facilitate the utilization of FFA and the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, to sustain the elevated requirements of energy linked to this process. MDPI 2021-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8197297/ /pubmed/34073989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115543 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Soukupova, Jitka Malfettone, Andrea Bertran, Esther Hernández-Alvarez, María Isabel Peñuelas-Haro, Irene Dituri, Francesco Giannelli, Gianluigi Zorzano, Antonio Fabregat, Isabel Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism |
title | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism |
title_full | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism |
title_fullStr | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism |
title_full_unstemmed | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism |
title_short | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-β in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism |
title_sort | epithelial–mesenchymal transition (emt) induced by tgf-β in hepatocellular carcinoma cells reprograms lipid metabolism |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8197297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115543 |
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