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SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension

The objective of this review is to give an overview of the pathophysiological effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in relation to hypertension (HT), with a focus on the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the MAS receptor. HT is a multifactorial disease and a public health...

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Autores principales: Ravichandran, Briyanth, Grimm, Daniela, Krüger, Marcus, Kopp, Sascha, Infanger, Manfred, Wehland, Markus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8198473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34121359
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14800
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author Ravichandran, Briyanth
Grimm, Daniela
Krüger, Marcus
Kopp, Sascha
Infanger, Manfred
Wehland, Markus
author_facet Ravichandran, Briyanth
Grimm, Daniela
Krüger, Marcus
Kopp, Sascha
Infanger, Manfred
Wehland, Markus
author_sort Ravichandran, Briyanth
collection PubMed
description The objective of this review is to give an overview of the pathophysiological effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in relation to hypertension (HT), with a focus on the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the MAS receptor. HT is a multifactorial disease and a public health burden, as it is a risk factor for diseases like stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, leading to 10.4 million deaths yearly. Blood pressure is regulated by the RAAS. The system consists of two counter‐regulatory axes: ACE/ANG‐II/AT(1)R and ACE2/ANG‐(1‐7)/MAS. The main regulatory protein in balancing the RAAS is angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The protein also functions as the main mediator of endocytosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) into the host cell. SARS‐CoV‐2 is the cause of COVID‐19 and has caused a worldwide pandemic; however, the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID‐19 are limited. Several drugs and vaccines are currently being tested in clinical trials with a few already approved by EMA and FDA. HT is a major risk factor regarding the severity and fatality of COVID‐19, and the RAAS plays an important role in COVID‐19 infection since SARS‐CoV‐2 can lead to a dysregulation of the system by reducing the ACE2 expression. The exact mechanisms of HT in relation to COVID‐19 remain uncertain, and more research is needed for further elucidation.
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spelling pubmed-81984732021-06-15 SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension Ravichandran, Briyanth Grimm, Daniela Krüger, Marcus Kopp, Sascha Infanger, Manfred Wehland, Markus Physiol Rep REVIEWS The objective of this review is to give an overview of the pathophysiological effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in relation to hypertension (HT), with a focus on the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the MAS receptor. HT is a multifactorial disease and a public health burden, as it is a risk factor for diseases like stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, leading to 10.4 million deaths yearly. Blood pressure is regulated by the RAAS. The system consists of two counter‐regulatory axes: ACE/ANG‐II/AT(1)R and ACE2/ANG‐(1‐7)/MAS. The main regulatory protein in balancing the RAAS is angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The protein also functions as the main mediator of endocytosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) into the host cell. SARS‐CoV‐2 is the cause of COVID‐19 and has caused a worldwide pandemic; however, the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID‐19 are limited. Several drugs and vaccines are currently being tested in clinical trials with a few already approved by EMA and FDA. HT is a major risk factor regarding the severity and fatality of COVID‐19, and the RAAS plays an important role in COVID‐19 infection since SARS‐CoV‐2 can lead to a dysregulation of the system by reducing the ACE2 expression. The exact mechanisms of HT in relation to COVID‐19 remain uncertain, and more research is needed for further elucidation. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8198473/ /pubmed/34121359 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14800 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle REVIEWS
Ravichandran, Briyanth
Grimm, Daniela
Krüger, Marcus
Kopp, Sascha
Infanger, Manfred
Wehland, Markus
SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension
title SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension
title_full SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension
title_fullStr SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension
title_full_unstemmed SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension
title_short SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension
title_sort sars‐cov‐2 and hypertension
topic REVIEWS
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8198473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34121359
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14800
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