Degradation Monitoring of HDPE Material in CO(2)-Saturated NaCl Environment through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique

Extensive damage due to saturated seawater and CO(2) exposure under high temperature and pressure in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The degradation of square-shaped HDPE samples having 1 mm thickness was investigated at 70 bars with 60, 75, and 90 °C separately for three weeks in an autoclave chamber. A clear indication of aging was observed in terms of chain scission by the formation of the methyl group (1262 cm(−1)), and the appearance of degradation products, including the alcohol and hydroxyl groups. The decline in glass transition temperature (T(g)), melting point (T(m)), and crystallinity (X(c)) result from branching and formation of degradation products in the aged samples. TGA results reveal that the degradation shifts the characteristic temperatures (T(5%) and T(10%)) to lower values compared to virgin HDPE. FESEM images show clear surface cracks and rough patches after 3 weeks. The X(c) value increased due to chain mobility at higher temperatures (90 °C). The impedance is relatively high 10(11) ohms.cm(−2) for a virgin sample, but it drops down to 10(9) and 10(6) after degradation. Impedance and dielectric loss were correlated, and the significance of dielectric loss was observed at lower frequencies. These characterizations will contribute to more efficient and detailed evaluation criteria for degradation monitoring.