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Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review
Molybdenum (Mo) microbial bioreduction is a phenomenon that is beginning to be recognized globally as a tool for the remediation of molybdenum toxicity. Molybdenum toxicity continues to be demonstrated in many animal models of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, particularly those of ruminants. The pheno...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8198738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34071757 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115731 |
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author | Yakasai, Hafeez Muhammad Rahman, Mohd Fadhil Manogaran, Motharasan Yasid, Nur Adeela Syed, Mohd Arif Shamaan, Nor Aripin Shukor, Mohd Yunus |
author_facet | Yakasai, Hafeez Muhammad Rahman, Mohd Fadhil Manogaran, Motharasan Yasid, Nur Adeela Syed, Mohd Arif Shamaan, Nor Aripin Shukor, Mohd Yunus |
author_sort | Yakasai, Hafeez Muhammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Molybdenum (Mo) microbial bioreduction is a phenomenon that is beginning to be recognized globally as a tool for the remediation of molybdenum toxicity. Molybdenum toxicity continues to be demonstrated in many animal models of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, particularly those of ruminants. The phenomenon has been reported for more than 100 years without a clear understanding of the reduction mechanism, indicating a clear gap in the scientific knowledge. This knowledge is not just fundamentally important—it is specifically important in applications for bioremediation measures and the sustainable recovery of metal from industrial or mine effluent. To date, about 52 molybdenum-reducing bacteria have been isolated globally. An increasing number of reports have also been published regarding the assimilation of other xenobiotics. This phenomenon is likely to be observed in current and future events in which the remediation of xenobiotics requires microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming multi-xenobiotics. This review aimed to comprehensively catalogue all of the characterizations of molybdenum-reducing microorganisms to date and identify future opportunities and improvements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8198738 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81987382021-06-14 Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review Yakasai, Hafeez Muhammad Rahman, Mohd Fadhil Manogaran, Motharasan Yasid, Nur Adeela Syed, Mohd Arif Shamaan, Nor Aripin Shukor, Mohd Yunus Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Molybdenum (Mo) microbial bioreduction is a phenomenon that is beginning to be recognized globally as a tool for the remediation of molybdenum toxicity. Molybdenum toxicity continues to be demonstrated in many animal models of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, particularly those of ruminants. The phenomenon has been reported for more than 100 years without a clear understanding of the reduction mechanism, indicating a clear gap in the scientific knowledge. This knowledge is not just fundamentally important—it is specifically important in applications for bioremediation measures and the sustainable recovery of metal from industrial or mine effluent. To date, about 52 molybdenum-reducing bacteria have been isolated globally. An increasing number of reports have also been published regarding the assimilation of other xenobiotics. This phenomenon is likely to be observed in current and future events in which the remediation of xenobiotics requires microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming multi-xenobiotics. This review aimed to comprehensively catalogue all of the characterizations of molybdenum-reducing microorganisms to date and identify future opportunities and improvements. MDPI 2021-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8198738/ /pubmed/34071757 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115731 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yakasai, Hafeez Muhammad Rahman, Mohd Fadhil Manogaran, Motharasan Yasid, Nur Adeela Syed, Mohd Arif Shamaan, Nor Aripin Shukor, Mohd Yunus Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review |
title | Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review |
title_full | Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review |
title_fullStr | Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review |
title_short | Microbiological Reduction of Molybdenum to Molybdenum Blue as a Sustainable Remediation Tool for Molybdenum: A Comprehensive Review |
title_sort | microbiological reduction of molybdenum to molybdenum blue as a sustainable remediation tool for molybdenum: a comprehensive review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8198738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34071757 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115731 |
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