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HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that can infect the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it has been implicated in demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move from one genomic location to anot...

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Autores principales: Bello-Morales, Raquel, Andreu, Sabina, Ripa, Inés, López-Guerrero, José Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8199333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072259
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115738
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author Bello-Morales, Raquel
Andreu, Sabina
Ripa, Inés
López-Guerrero, José Antonio
author_facet Bello-Morales, Raquel
Andreu, Sabina
Ripa, Inés
López-Guerrero, José Antonio
author_sort Bello-Morales, Raquel
collection PubMed
description Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that can infect the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it has been implicated in demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move from one genomic location to another. TEs have been linked to several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of unknown etiology influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Exogenous viral transactivators may activate certain retrotransposons or class I TEs. In this context, several herpesviruses have been linked to MS, and one of them, HSV-1, might act as a risk factor by mediating processes such as molecular mimicry, remyelination, and activity of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Several herpesviruses have been involved in the regulation of human ERVs (HERVs), and HSV-1 in particular can modulate HERVs in cells involved in MS pathogenesis. This review exposes current knowledge about the relationship between HSV-1 and human ERVs, focusing on their contribution as a risk factor for MS.
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spelling pubmed-81993332021-06-14 HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination Bello-Morales, Raquel Andreu, Sabina Ripa, Inés López-Guerrero, José Antonio Int J Mol Sci Review Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that can infect the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it has been implicated in demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move from one genomic location to another. TEs have been linked to several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of unknown etiology influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Exogenous viral transactivators may activate certain retrotransposons or class I TEs. In this context, several herpesviruses have been linked to MS, and one of them, HSV-1, might act as a risk factor by mediating processes such as molecular mimicry, remyelination, and activity of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Several herpesviruses have been involved in the regulation of human ERVs (HERVs), and HSV-1 in particular can modulate HERVs in cells involved in MS pathogenesis. This review exposes current knowledge about the relationship between HSV-1 and human ERVs, focusing on their contribution as a risk factor for MS. MDPI 2021-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8199333/ /pubmed/34072259 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115738 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bello-Morales, Raquel
Andreu, Sabina
Ripa, Inés
López-Guerrero, José Antonio
HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination
title HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination
title_full HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination
title_fullStr HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination
title_full_unstemmed HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination
title_short HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination
title_sort hsv-1 and endogenous retroviruses as risk factors in demyelination
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8199333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072259
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115738
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