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Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health

Background: The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understa...

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Autores principales: Sung, Wen-Wei, Hsu, Yong-Chen, Dong, Chen, Chen, Ying-Ching, Chao, Yu-Chi, Chen, Chih-Jung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8199886/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205053
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116012
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author Sung, Wen-Wei
Hsu, Yong-Chen
Dong, Chen
Chen, Ying-Ching
Chao, Yu-Chi
Chen, Chih-Jung
author_facet Sung, Wen-Wei
Hsu, Yong-Chen
Dong, Chen
Chen, Ying-Ching
Chao, Yu-Chi
Chen, Chih-Jung
author_sort Sung, Wen-Wei
collection PubMed
description Background: The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIRs were compared to evaluate the correlation with the human development index (HDI), the current health expenditure (CHE), and the ratio of CHE over gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) disparities via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that Asia had the most cases and deaths. In addition, they showed a significant association (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) of the crude rate (CR) of incidence with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP. However, their associations with mortality rate (p = 0.303, p = 0.997, and p = 0.101) were not significant. Regarding the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Countries with higher HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP tend to have lower MIRs, which indicates favorable clinical outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-81998862021-06-14 Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health Sung, Wen-Wei Hsu, Yong-Chen Dong, Chen Chen, Ying-Ching Chao, Yu-Chi Chen, Chih-Jung Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIRs were compared to evaluate the correlation with the human development index (HDI), the current health expenditure (CHE), and the ratio of CHE over gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) disparities via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that Asia had the most cases and deaths. In addition, they showed a significant association (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) of the crude rate (CR) of incidence with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP. However, their associations with mortality rate (p = 0.303, p = 0.997, and p = 0.101) were not significant. Regarding the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Countries with higher HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP tend to have lower MIRs, which indicates favorable clinical outcomes. MDPI 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8199886/ /pubmed/34205053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116012 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sung, Wen-Wei
Hsu, Yong-Chen
Dong, Chen
Chen, Ying-Ching
Chao, Yu-Chi
Chen, Chih-Jung
Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health
title Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health
title_full Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health
title_fullStr Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health
title_full_unstemmed Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health
title_short Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health
title_sort favorable lip and oral cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high human development index and expenditures on health
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8199886/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34205053
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116012
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